Machavelli Essays - Machiavellianism, Niccol Machiavelli, The Prince

Machavelli Machiavelli and the President Recently, the leader of the United States Bill Clinton, has sought after a few approaches that have been disagreeable not just with the overall population be that as it may, the electorate also. Other than the entire Monica experience he feels that these disliked arrangements will impact the consequences of the following political decision. The presidential consultants have figured endless plans however no arrangement has appeared to work. One thought is leave the disliked arrangements as they are in light of the president and counsels conviction that they are the best for the nation. Another alternative would be to simply introduce the disagreeable arrangements in a better approach to perhaps change general supposition on them. Still another would be to simply overlook the approaches and focus on the political decision. Regardless choice , assuming any, ought to be picked one must be concocted snappy and it must not just location the issue yet understand it and quick. Since I have as of late found out about Machiavelli and his work titled The Sovereign I feel his suppositions would assist with affecting a few choices for the president and his consultants. A first and significant perspective on Machiavelli would be his perspective on the ruler and his consultants. ?It is a reliable standard that a sovereign who isn't insightful himself can't be well advised.?(p.117) As it is up to the sovereign to be very much exhorted it is likewise dependent upon the president to be well exhorted too. The president's counsels, just as the president, are most certainly not sure what moves to make, which in Machiavelli's view would not be a decent normal for a pioneer and thus would not help gain companionship of the individuals. Great connection with the individuals is probably the best point since without the individuals there is no pioneer. The pioneer, the president, must have the help of the individuals and if not he won't remain in power long. The president isn't working superbly of this in view of his exceptionally disagreeable strategies. Machiavelli could never pick to simply proceed on a similar way and examine disagreeable strategies. ?It is essential for a ruler to have the kinship; else he has no response in the midst of adversity.?(p.65) in light of this he would relinquish the disliked arrangements and focus on winning the political race, keeping the individuals cheerful. Not exclusively should the pioneer focus on the present and what's to come be that as it may, consider the past. ? The sovereign should understand history and study the activities of prominent men, inspect the reasons for their triumphs and destruction in request to emulate the previous and keep away from the latter.?(p.82) History is bound to rehash itself if not observed cautiously. The pioneer must abstain from rehashing the botches of the past and observe the triumphs going before him. Another view that would enable the president to out in his strategies would be Machiavelli's view on intensity. The pioneer is obviously better of to be striking of mindful. On the off chance that you expect for the more awful and be set up for terrible occasions regardless of whether its not the best procedure you will be in an ideal situation over the long haul. ?For on the off chance that it happens that time and conditions are good for one who acts with alert and reasonability he will be fruitful, yet in the event that time and conditions change he will be demolished, on the grounds that he doesn't change his mode of procedure.?(p. 121) The pioneer should consistently be set up for the most noticeably awful so he doesn't get found napping and make the individuals frantic. On the off chance that these perspectives on Machiavelli appear to be straight forward or to coordinate possibly Leo Strauss or J.G.A. Pocock could clarify these techniques for initiative to the president. Pocock would expand regarding the matter of chronicled mindfulness. He could enable the president to comprehend that we need to look to our past to help better ourselves for what's to come. Strauss on the hand would think about Machiavelli to the greeks and thier writtings. He would go inside and out however about how the greeks, Mr. T specifically, were rulers in under-representations while Machiavelli was extremely clear in his writtings. Subsequent to introducing these perspectives to the president I trust my insight into Machiavelli and his perspective could help impact the strategies set up furthermore, perhaps help the president win the up coming political race. Perhaps after my article is perused and I graduate Southwest Texas with a Political Science qualification possibly I could find a new line of work at the White House and some time or another dominate

Refutation Of A Literary Review On Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Goi

Nullification Of A Literary Review On Joyce Carol Oate's Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Nullification Marie Mitchell Olesen Urbanski thinks about the equals between a scholarly work and scriptural recommendations in her exposition ?Existential Allegory: Joyce Carol Oates ?Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been (Studies in Short Fiction, 1978.) In her analysis, she thinks about the narrative of Connie's aloof accommodation to Arnold Friend with the enticement of Eve by the Devil in the scriptural fantasy. She utilizes Oates' portrayals of Arnold companion to demonstrate that he is the villain and that Connie is a guiltless casualty. Urbanski makes a persuading showing regarding looking at the account of Connie and Arnold to the narrative of Eve and the Devil. She accentuates strict analogies that Oates utilized in her story, for example, the neighborhood hang out speaking to a sacrosanct structure with music played strictly as at a chapel gathering. Urbanski slips anyway by expressing ?It is evident that Friend speaks to the villain who entices the pure yet ethically vacuous young lady casualty.? It might be contended that Arnold Friend looks like the demon here and there, yet Urbanski neglects to give adequate proof for this case, and all the more critically, neglects to recognize the numerous different opportunities for Arnold Friend's personality. Urbanski effectively looks at Friend to other artistic figures. She experiences an issue anyway when she marks Arnold as Satan essentially in light of the fact that it takes after another depiction of Satan in John Milton's works. Her contention becomes broken on account of a false notion of sythesis. She says that Milton's Satan, who sits straight with dull eyes and a dim gold neck, is equivalent to Arnold Friend since he has slitted eyes with dim lashes, a solid neck and sits on a brilliant jalopy. Basically the utilization of dim eyes and the shading gold doesn't infer that one is the demon. What might be valid for Milton's Satan doesn't really apply to every single other work. The case of Arnold Friend's feet not fitting accurately into his boots and connecting that with the cloven feet of the demon, additionally strikes a broken harmony. Urbanski can't show any evidence of the reason for Friend's feet looking odd on the grounds that Oates never gives an unmistakable explanation behind his shoes not fitting accurately. Arnold Friend could be an insidious smaller person, attempting to get with Connie to seek after vindictive expectations; Simply in light of the fact that one's shoes don't fit, doesn't imply that one is Satan. Urbanski doesn't endeavor to give another choice to the potential outcomes of Arnold's existence. She battles that Arnold's enamoring control is proof of a superhuman portrayal. I concur with her contention that Arnold is in reality superhuman, however I unequivocally can't help contradicting her endeavor to name Arnold as one explicit power of insidiousness. The realities that Joyce Carol Oates offers to us in her story are that Arnol d has shaggy dark hair, a tan face and pale body, wears reflected shades, and his boots fit mistakenly. By those realities, I could deduce that Arnold is a man with a terrible toupee, utilizing self leather treater, and experiencing his emotional meltdown. By his activities and words I am ready to add an otherworldly power to his appearance and afterward completely conclude that he isn't care for some other individual or thing Connie has met previously. Basically by his activities and appearance however, I need more proof to demonstrate that Arnold is in truth the villain. In her determination, Urbanski offers a more terrific way to deal with the imagery of the characters. She clarifies that Connie speaks to everybody understanding their unimportance, and Arnold's speaking to the rages as a vehicle for that acknowledgment. In imagery of both those characters, I concur with Urbanski. I do accept likewise that they are portrayals of a greater picture that is clear in a great many people's presence, and by Oates' delineation of it, all the more seriously in rural life. All things considered, in a similar end, she sticks to her contention of Arnold being a clear portrayal of the fallen angel. I am not ready to give a positive thought of what Arnold companion might be; still I can't concur with basically considering him the fallen angel. To me, he can be viewed as a demon the same amount of as he can be seen

Should You Get Dealer Financing

Should You Get Dealer Financing Should You Get Dealer Financing? Should You Get Dealer Financing?If you have bad credit, dealer financing might be your best option for buying a car. But dealer financing is still notorious for inflating your costs.Since the dawn of time, humankind has wondered: What is dealer financing? The car dealer was trying to sell them on the option after they selected one of those Flintstone cars where you use your feet to move it. (Which begs the question: Why have the car at all?)Thankfully, car science has come a long way, and we now know what dealer financing is. But is it right for you? In order to explore the ins and outs of these mysteries, we have prepared an article to explain what dealer financing is, whether it’s a good option, and what alternatives exist.This is that article. Prepare to begin reading it in three, two, one …What is dealer financing?The last time you passed by a car dealership, you may have noticed a giant “Buy Here, Pay Now” sign in between two of the wavy inflatable giants. This likely in dicates that they offer dealer financing.On a basic level, this is exactly what it sounds like. It means that you can get financingâ€"namely secured personal loan to buy a carâ€"at the dealership itself. The dealership may lend you the money directly, or it might work with third-party lenders to offer you a deal on the spot.Much like a mortgage, this auto loan is paid off over time and your car serves as collateral. That means if you don’t pay, you’ll lose the car along with all of the money you’ve paid towards the principal and interest.Is dealer financing a good choice?Now you know what dealer financing is. Is it a good option to consider when you’re looking to buy a car?“It’s an open secret in the automotive world that financing is where a dealership really makes its money,” explained Jake McKenzie, content manager at Auto Accessories Garage (@aagarage). “Some customers may think they just agreed to a great deal on their new car and so they let their guard down. W hat they fail to realize is that the financing portion of the deal is where car salesman really put their sales tricks into use.Most dealerships are staffed with salespeople who are experts in making bad financing options sound good, and in most cases, customers are out the door before they even fully grasp what they’ve signed on for.”You should be somewhat suspect when it comes to dealer financing. Although they might care less about your credit score, the rates are likely to be much higher than the alternatives. If you are considering dealer financing, take McKenzie’s advice and don’t just accept the offer you’re given. If the dealer is working with an outside financer, then they’ve likely been given a quote known as the “buy rate.”The dealer may very well be offering you a higher rate than the buy rate so that they can get additional money out of you that you wouldn’t pay if you were working with that lender directly. Ask the dealer what the buy rate is and donâ €™t hesitate to try to negotiate the rates as low as you possibly can.“Dealer financing is different from standard bank financing in that the dealer does the searching and uses their connections to get you financing,” warned Sean Pour, co-founder of SellMax (@sellmax). “But, typically this will be at a higher rate than if you were to go to your bank directly.”Dealer financing alternatives.As you may have realized from reading the previous section, dealer financing is rarely, if ever, going to be the ideal way to buy a car. Some would say it’s not even worth considering as an option.“As a rule and without exception the best option for buying a new car is paying for it outright,” declared McKenzie. “However, paying in cash is just not realistic for most car buyers, so financing through a third party like a bank or credit union is the next best option. Financing with the dealership shouldn’t even be seen as a last resort, but as something to avoid altogether.”Of the two experts that we talked to, the other didn’t go quite as far, but still viewed dealer financing as an absolute last resort.“In terms of better alternatives,” began Pour, “yes, there are better alternatives. After witnessing thousands of deals, the ones who always got the best rate were individuals with good credit, who went directly with a bank they had a relationship with.But if your credit is a little shaky, then using the dealer to get your financing might be the only option because they have the know-how and connections to get it done when other conventional banks might say no.“Other options include getting a co-signer on the loan. If you have a family member or relative who trusts you, if they have good credit, they can essentially promise the bank they will be responsible if you dont pay and secure you a better interest rate with a conventional bank.”You could also consider leasing a car until your credit improves, though you also may need a co-signer in that i nstance as well. Unfortunately, if you don’t have access to good public transportation, a car may be required for work and … everything else. Do your research to make sure you aren’t taken advantage of!Cars and auto loans can be a real money suck. If youre not careful, it could even be the thing that knocks your finances out of alignment, leaving you relying on short-term bad credit loans and no credit check loans (like payday loans, cash advances, and title loans) to make ends meet. To learn more about auto-related financial issues, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Car Maintenance Tips That Will Save You Money Down the RoadCan Renting a Car Affect Your Credit?Supercharge Your New Ride: Negotiating at Car DealershipsAre Cheap Tires Safe Enough to be Worth the Savings?Do you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsJake McKenzie is the Content Manager at  Auto Accessories Garage (@aagarage), a fast-growing, family-owned online retailer of automotive parts and accessories. He manages all written content for the website including research guides, product descriptions, and other informative articles. He also enjoys attending the annual SEMA Show, the premier automotive specialty products trade event held every November in Las Vegas. Jake often lends his opinions and expertise to a variety of online blogs, websites, and news sources.Sean Pour  is the co-founder of SellMax  (@sellmax), a used car buying company based out of San Diego, California. Sean has over ten years of experience dealing with the purchasing and selling of used vehicles. He graduated  with a degree in computer science from San Diego State University.

Stellers Sea Cow - Facts and Figures

Name: Stellers Sea Cow; also known as Hydrodamalis Habitat: Shores of the northern Pacific Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-200 years ago) Size and Weight: About 25-30 feet long and 8-10 tons Diet: Seaweed Distinguishing Characteristics: Enormous size; small, flexible head About Stellers Sea Cow Although its much less well known than the Dodo Bird or the Giant Moa, Stellers Sea Cow (genus name Hydrodamalis) shared the unfortunate fate of these famous birds. Widespread across the northern Pacific Ocean for hundreds of thousands of years, by the mid-18th century this giant, 10-ton ancestor of modern dugongs and manatees was restricted to the obscure Commander Islands. There, in 1741, a population of a thousand or so survivors was studied by the early naturalist Georg Wilhelm Steller, who remarked on this megafauna mammals tame disposition, undersized head perched on an oversized body, and exclusive diet of kelp (a type of seaweed). You can probably guess what happened next. As soon as word of Stellers Sea Cow got out, various sailors, hunters and traders made it a point to stop over at the Commander Islands and bag themselves a few of these gentle beasts, which were valued for their fur, their meat, and most of all their whale-like oil, which could be used to fuel lamps. Within three decades, Stellers Sea Cow had breathed its last; fortunately, though, Steller himself bequeathed his studies of live specimens on future generations of paleontologists. (Its important to realize that Stellers Sea Cow had been on the decline for tens of thousands of years before Europeans arrived on the scene; according to one theory, early human settlers of the Pacific Basin overhunted sea otters, thus allowing the unchecked proliferation of sea urchins, which feasted on the same kelp as Hydrodamalis!) By the way, it may yet be possible for scientists to resurrect Stellers Sea Cow by harvesting scraps of its fossil DNA, under a controversial research program known as de-extinction.

O and Othello Comparison - 929 Words

‘Othello is one of the brilliant plays written by William Shakespeare. It is the story of man named Othello and how his mind was twisted and manipulated by a man named Iago and how Iago made Othello think that his wife Desdemona was cheating on him with his lieutenant Michael Cassio, which results in many deaths. Tim Blake Nelson has creatively restructured ‘Othello’ into a film to appeal to a teenage audience. It still contains the same central ideas which are racism, jealousy and deception which will be analysed on how they are portrayed in ‘Othello’ and are creatively reshaped in ‘O’. Jealously is one of the main central ideas and is shown through many character but mainly Iago and Hugo and Othello and O. In act 4, scene 5 Othello†¦show more content†¦In ‘Othello’ Desdemona call him the Moor and she is his loving and faithful wife whereas when Iago says it, it is offensive. In the film ‘O’ there is a lot of racism, Odin and Desi jokingly discuss their different races. When she disapproves of his use of â€Å"nigga,† he tells her that he is allowed to say it but she cannot even think it. Despite his apparently shallow answer, Odin is â€Å"haunted†¦by a profound self-consciousness about his own blackness†. When Hugo tells Odin that Desi and Mike called him â€Å"the nigga,† This is extremely offensive to and he begins to act out his rage and self-loathing. In ‘Othello the word ‘Moor’ has been replaced by with a the word ‘nigga’ to appeal to younger audiences. Deception can also be seen throughout both texts and especially when Iago sets Cassio up to make Othello hear the Cassio has been sleeping with Desdemona. In ‘Othello’ this scene is set in a jail area whereas in ‘O’ it is set in Iago’s bedroom and Othello is hiding outside the room listening in on the conversation. Nelson has creatively reshaped this scene from early times to the 20th century. During this scene in ‘O’ Cassio talks about Desi as a floosy and talks badly of Odin calling the name Nigga, this in use of language from Michael is the language that teenagers use which is another way Nelson has creatively reshaped Othello. Overall, Nelson has creatively reshaped the central ideas jealousy, racism and deception into theShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Comparison of Othello and the Movie O1548 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of Othello and the Movie O When Shakespeare composed the tragedy Othello televisions were not. Along with no televisions, life in the late 1500s had many different qualities than it does today. This time period had no war on drugs and no high school shootings. Peer pressure was not an issue. The audiences of Othello in the 1500s did not face the circumstances that we, American high school students, face today. With these significant differences in daily life, come the attemptsRead More The Use Of Animal Imagery In Othello Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello† the use of animal imagery was evident throughout the telling of the story. Shakespeare explained several characters actions by comparing them to similarities in animals. The characters in â€Å"Othello† were often depicted as having animal-like characteristics. Some characters were even compared to animals by other characters in the play. By defining characters in terms of these characteristics one can get a clear description of what the character isRead MoreJealousy and Race in Othello 1430 Words   |  6 PagesOthello is one of Shakespeare’s tragedies; originally written as a play and performed to an Elizabethan audience. Othello and many of Shakespeare’s other plays have been performed to various audiences since, and have been adapted into Opera, Ballet, Film and television productions. Othello has survived the centuries to this day and age; and continues to captivate and remain relevant to a modern audience; Othello certainly is a timeless classic work of art. â€Å"The object of tragic imitation is menRead MoreIs Othello a Tragic Hero? Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent can Othello be considered a ‘tragic hero’? The extent of which Othello is a tragic hero has been open to much debate; the basis on which he is judged falls to Aristotle’s established view of the crucial elements that distinguish whether a person is truly tragic. According to Aristotle, a tragic protagonist is a nobleman or person from high status, who contributes to his own demise and illustrates a flaw or weakness in judgment. The tragic protagonist must make a fall from a highRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, Desdemona, Emilia, And Bianca949 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s play Othello, there are only three women characters; Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. In this play, women are viewed as possessions to the men, causing critics to argue that the women to have no control of their lives. Women were viewed as their husband’s property, not being able to make their own decisions and listening to what their husbands told them to do. They were not seen as a human nor were females seen as being equal to men. Throughout Shakespeare’s Othello the three women showRead MoreConventions of a Shakespeare Tragedy1189 Words   |  5 Pagestragic flaw brings the downfall of the hero. Othello is the tragic hero, because Othello is a character of nobility. He is good at the beginning but at the end he starts to become evil. ‘‘Othello’s downfall is jealousy (Othello’s Tragic Flaw) Iago tells Othello not to be jealous when Othello thinks his wife is cheating on him. Iago says to Othello, â€Å"O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; it is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds (Othello Act 3 Scene 3).† The meaning of this quote isRead MoreTragic Hero in Othelo by William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesConventions of Othello Shakespeare has been a part of the American Society for many years. Compared to other Authors, he has a different style of writing but within his own writings, they are all very much alike. He has written many plays including Othello and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was a man who wrote plays that followed the same literary conventions. These conventions included tragic hero, fallacy, irony, and also suspense. A tragic hero is a male figure who is high in society and one whoRead MoreShakespeares Use of Language to Show Othellos Changing State of Mind1627 Words   |  7 Pagesfriendship. This is dramatically effective, being at the beginning of the scene because all through the scene Othello is seen thinking and talking about how disloyal she is. It also makes the tragedy at the end of the play more awful, as the audience knows she really is innocent. Iago then cunningly preys on the inquisitive nature of all humans, including Othello, to mould his mind to thinking the way he would like. He says unbeneficial things, dropping hints as to his feelingsRead More The Besieged Lieutenant in Othello1169 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s tragedy Othello, the audience finds a victim who is beset by Iago more than once, but who recovers in both cases – Cassio. He is the sole survivor among the main characters. In his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, A. C. Bradley rejects the ancient’s accusation that Cassio is an inexperienced soldier: That Cassio, again, was an interloper and a mere closet-student without experience of war is incredible, considering first that Othello chose him for lieutenantRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare963 Words   |  4 Pagesaware of the scheme he is putting into action and plays on Othello’s weakness â€Å"O, beware, my lord, of jealousy! It is the green-eyed monster, which doth mock the meat it feeds on† (Othello. 3.3.167-169). Iago takes advantage of his own wife, Emilia, retaining Desdemona’s scarf from Othello from her and placing it in Cassio’s possession. By doing, this Iago is able to prove his allegations of Desdemona and Cassio. Othello expresses jealousy and believes that Desdemona has been unfaith to him with

Bakhtin’s Theory of Self Knowledge Free Essays

Mikhail Bakhtin in his theory of Self-Knowledge was primarily concerned with the freedom that a â€Å"fictional† character could have and its connection to the author. Accordingly, Bakhtin have suggested, what he calls, the theory of â€Å"surplus-vision† which corresponds to the inability of the character to obtain a self-knowledge which is only possible through having the chance to observe him self. In a more simple terms, Bakhtin explained that the character could or any other human being for that instance that exist outside of a person’s mind could not contemplate and think about the same things that the person who is contemplating has been thinking. We will write a custom essay sample on Bakhtin’s Theory of Self Knowledge or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, when a person is contemplating about someone else, he would â€Å"see and know somethingâ€Å"that the character that the person has been contemplating could never see and know†. In such case that someone whom the person is contemplating, or that character that the person have been thinking could not act independently on his own without author, as its creator could have thought. Put plainly, this means that the character could never be in a situation wherein he can decide and write about himself without the authors will or foreknowledge. Bakhtin have further discussed that the character’s ability to act liberally would depend upon his being able to act in surprising manner. Such that, a free action is an action that no one else have thought of or have predicted. However, in the case of the character in its relation to its author, it seems to be very impossible for it to be able to act freely from the author’s wishes. This is where Bakhtin’s theory of self-knowledge plays an important role. It is when the analogy of the author and God that Human self-knowledge was put into question. Yet, according to Joseph Bartlett, even without the analogy to God, any person’s action is still predictable or can still be predicted by other person for instance, by someone who has known the other person for quite a long time. Thus the only way, in a view that divine intervention is not counted, that the person could be free is through knowing the expectation of other people and acting surprisingly (2005). Bakhtin believes that this was the only way that the person could act freely and not determined, having a self-knowledge of thy self is the only way to free thyself. For instance one of my friends has been living a very active lifestyle. He joins different sports and was engaged in interdisciplinary activities and courses. This is when he was to choose a humanities course for his senior year; I along with some of our friends have been really surprise when he took up an art course. It was really surprising and even more, when I asked him about his decision, he simply stated that he wants to surprise himself. References Bartlett, J. (2005). Freedom And Self-Knowledge In The Dramatic Works Of Anton Chekhov. University of Missouri-Columbia. How to cite Bakhtin’s Theory of Self Knowledge, Papers

To be sane is to be mentally sound and healthy, Essay Example For Students

To be sane is to be mentally sound and healthy, Essay according to the Merriam Webster Dictionary. Insanity as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary as exhibiting serious and debilitating mental disorder. Serial killers are seen by most people as being insane. This is not the case. Some of the most famous serial killers were some of the smartest and clever individuals of their time. Many serial killers, though wrong in what they do, are some of the most intelligent people to have lived. Jack the Ripper is the most elusive and mysterious serial killer who has been recorded. He was a murderer in London in the late 1800s. He murdered prostitutes in the early hours of many mornings. He was never caught which helps show his elusiveness. He was a very intelligent man as well as being elusive. We will write a custom essay on To be sane is to be mentally sound and healthy, specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The intellect he has is shown through his murders. After killing his victims, he cut them open and toyed with their anatomy. To the untrained eye it looked as though he butchered his victim with no goal in mind, but to the keen eye it is the work of a genious. When the best known detective agency in the world, Scotland Yard, fails to catch a serial killer it scares the city, nation, or even the world. The world would have a problem of its own in the 1940s: The Ill Reich. Adolf Hitler was a man of great power. This man had developed his power on his own. He was very manipulative and creative and used his wit to gain power among the Germans. Hitler went from an low ranking infantry man to the leader of the country by his own intellectual talent. He had many followers, even though he was just an ordinary murderer. He was one of the most underestimated men by the United States in history. Nobody knew what one man was capable of. His intellect almost led him to complete world conquest. The plans he developed: how to defeat almost all of Europe and not deplete his forces. His cunning kept him in power with little to hold him back. Hitler was an intelligent man but had an anger and an obsession that burned deep within him. This obsession was Hitlers downfall. Trying to annihilate an entire race of men was too much for any man but he kept trying. He was too greedy to stop hunting Jews. Many different depictions of serial killers are used in movies and books. There is a different stereotype that coincides with entertainment. Very few movies or books go beyond these stereotypes and use more realistic, humanized characters. Silence of the Lambs is a good example of the less typical but more realistic serial killer. Hannibal Lector is a serial killer in a mental ward, helping a detective track down a killer. The reason for his imprisonment in a psychiatric ward is because of his cannibalism. His intellect is more advanced than what is perceived by most of the characters except the detective that he is helping. Detective Clarice Starling is aware that he is a brilliant man. She seeks his help because she knows of his intelligence. This movie is close to reality and created so that it can be believed. Silence of the Lambs has won many awards due to its realistic attitude. It won five Academy Awards in 1991 including best actress, best actor, and best picture. These awards are just a few of the many awards that help show how this movie is politically correct. Many serial killers, though wrong in what they do, are some of the most intellectual people to have lived. There are many different angles that sanity can be viewed from. Cannibalism, murdering, or world conquest do not promote insanity but show how such people have bad morals. For example, to almost achieve world domination is a feat in itself. .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f , .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f .postImageUrl , .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f , .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f:hover , .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f:visited , .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f:active { border:0!important; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f:active , .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua7eefee2e4efe7f5c750c498e4ab307f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why I Chose Radiology Essay To be one of a handful of people to almost accomplish a task such as Alexander the Great, Ghengis Kahn, and Napolean shows the intelligence required to perform such a task. .

Symbolic Interactionism theory is concerned with the ‘sociology of the everyday ‘and focused on individual experience and issues of identity. The WritePass Journal

Symbolic Interactionism theory is concerned with the ‘sociology of the everyday ‘and focused on individual experience and issues of identity. Introduction Symbolic Interactionism theory is concerned with the ‘sociology of the everyday ‘and focused on individual experience and issues of identity. IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction The role theory began when symbolic interactionism became part of Erving Goffman’s interest. His interest was observing individuals, groups in certain situations and settings rather than a social theorist and analysis through his work. (Birrell, Donnelly, 2004) He developed an interest in reactions that focused on facial expressions, body language. This can be shown in sporting ways through Erving Goffman being known as more of an observer rather than a social theorist.   The theory began to emerge when Goffman realised symbolic interaction between groups in certain settings. Goffman’s approach was not developed on theory but on analysis of the interaction order such as, social situations or environments in which two or more individuals are physically in one another’s presence (Goffman Reader, p. 235). Symbolic Interactionism reveals the truth behind people’s actual role by observing their emotions, expressions it showed through their theatrical performa nces (Weiss, 2001) Out of all the sociologists Goffman was the only sociologist who found interaction from individuals through groups and one to one. Goffman was criticized for being unusual in his work as Goffman worked on essays rather than research as sociologists were expected to be known as a researcher. Critics found his work difficult to comprehend and this made situations complicated. Gouldner, (1970) discovered that Goffman was not interested in power, social class or social structure. Goffman took the criticism well that he was unable to talk about macro-concerns.   These are the situations where we spend much or most of our life – in face-to-face activities involving others, whether these be everyday social situations, situations within organized structures (jobs, school), or unusual social situations (accidents, weddings, funerals). Goffman excels at observation, description, and insight, analyzing how people interpret and act in ordinary situations, and he prov ides guidelines concerning how to examine social situations. One of my colleagues recently read some articles by Goffman, noting how he sometimes became overly formal in his writings, and suggested that it is unfortunate the Goffman did not become a novelist rather than a sociologist. Key terms that relate to Symbolic Interactionism; are, ‘self’ which are known as ourselves, identity, personality or in terms of identity finding what and where the person is in social terms (Vryan, Adler Adler, 2003). Finding identity is through situations (Vryan, et al, 2003). The term ‘I’ meaning the actual individual itself, can be understood as the person being the person, could possibly mean the same thing as ‘self’. In relation to identity there are many issues with this term as identity can often be deceived when amongst other people. Nevertheless the person deceiving themselves may or may not be conscious of this role act always trying to impress others to be accepted. The way the theory can help sport sociologists understands social relations in various ways are observing roles that people play through experiences success through society’s attention, through its approval or disapproval (Weiss, 2001). Being approved for the pers on you are is a feeling of acceptance and feeling like you are essentially a part of a group, however if not feeling accepted this can influence the person to then act a different role or attempt to change personality traits which is clearly impossible.   Self – recognition can only happen through internal belief that acknowledgement has been met by others. Humans are creating each other all the time through the experiences being produced. Therefore in terms of sport, the athlete being acknowledged by surroundings and the media is through the success or been unsuccessful that the athlete has made in certain performances. The reason for change in these situations are doubts about ‘self’ not having enough self-esteem to come face to face with situations and individuals that are more of a threat. Self- esteem is found through identity reinforcement or social recognition. Self- awareness is developed in confidence in this self-esteem and encouragement from an indiv idual with the way the change takes place is recognised by others in the relationship to the self (Weiss, 2001). The positive that can be taken from this theory is that Goffman was aware of his surroundings. Goffman was criticised in his lack of knowledge when it came to macro-concerns. Functionalism and Marxism use strengths in this theory by functionalism being positive, appreciative about reality in society. Whereas Marxism is positive in revealing the truth to people therefore Erving would have experienced these approaches/theories during his observations. The strength that can be taken from Goffman is his awareness of people around him, and he emphasised this in his work so that people would be aware of existing roles being played. Goffman was able to observe certain situations such as, impression management, role distance and face work (Birrell et al., 2004). This relates to functionalism by showing a positive insight into peoples demeanour with values which is reflected throu gh identity reinforcement (Weiss, 2001). Functionalism through socialisation had a way of learning norms and values. The way the theory has applied sport is through the connection of society which forms identity reinforcement or acceptance.   Identity creates groups, specific sporting roles, and individuals in sporting performance (Weiss, 2001). Nevertheless in today’s society, there are many sporting issues that can be a barrier to forming an identity or being accepted. Issues that can arise in sports are sexism, racism, social class which mainly affect sporting performance being excluded or isolated from a group. For example, not being situated in the right class, a lower class member of society interesting in playing tennis but unable to, as there is low income from peers. Class associations have a long duration effect on economic inequality on people’s lives that has led to various amounts of wealth and power, which is to say to differing classes. (Bourdieu, 1978) Being acknowledged through an assigned role that is dependent at birth determines age, sex, background and even social class (Weiss, 2001). For example, being accepted for the way you look and behave is acknowledged in this area that allows the person to be a part of the team. To be specific, female footballers are accepted playing in their team due to their ability and not to do with their gender (Weiss, 2001) Developing self-esteem is followed throughout the sporting life of a performer which influences the behaviour of an individual. Recognition can be found through a specific role or function. In sport, there is a certain link between the class and sport that the participant plays. Another sporting example is recognition as a member of a group. Acceptance in a group states that th e member is part of the team due to being a popular member or being good at the role their given whilst playing the sport. Through acceptance it is by intimacy and symbolic ritual, the understanding between members of a groups that builds trust and close friendships (Weiss, 2001). This is met on the pitch and after the game at social events, especially with the bonding happening, it may demonstrate the connection on the pitch as well as off the pitch. Each and every one of the member of the team represents an individual of themselves. Even so the individuals are working towards their roles to make an impact of unity and belonging. However, the collapse in keeping a smooth interaction or even worse rejecting to act with others, gives Erving Goffman an opportunity to analyse the situation. An example that problems are accounted for are experienced in sports by not giving people a chance to express their speciality need, that gives the person their identity. The people being rejected a re willing to impress the ones who avoid their presence. Women being rejected for wanting to play football, this would look deviant to some people. Apparently women are supposed to play in sports such as, gymnastics, diving. This is more appropriate for women to be taking part in this activity rather than playing a game of football or rugby. This is the way male critics and some women who may not have any experience with football. Looking at this in a sporting way arguing on both sides of the situation, women being involved in football could help men understand the meaning of fairness and equality. Also ways in which to control behaviours on the pitch in a more controlled manner as women can bring good to the game. Birrell et al., 2004) supports the point by stating that women are best suitable in unnerved situations, well if that is the case then this can be demonstrated on the pitch especially in situations such as, penalty kicks, the build up to the penalty kick can be very intimidating and terrifying but if there is the support from other members of the groups and naturally being calm, it can put the situation at ease. References Weiss, O. (2001) Identify reinforcement in sport: revisiting the symbolic interactionalist Legacy, International review for the sociology of sport; 36; 393 Birrell, S. and Donnelly, P. (2004) Reclaiming Goffman: Erving Goffman’s influence on the sociology of sport. In: Giulianotti, R. (2004) Sport and modern social theorists, pp. 49-64, New York: Palgrave Bourdieu, P. (1978) ‘Sport and Social Class’, Social Science information 17: 819-40. Gouldner, A. (1970) The coming crisis of western sociology, New York: Basic books. In: Birrell, S. and Donnelly, P. (2004) Reclaiming Goffman: Erving Goffman’s influence on the sociology of sport. In: Giulianotti, R. (2004) Sport and modern social theorists, pp. 49-64, New York: Palgrave Vryan, KD, Adler PA Adler P, (2003) Identity in: Reynolds LT Merman- Kinney NJ. Handbook of symbolic interactionism. Lanham: AltaMira Press

Study Guide for The Piano Lesson Play

Study Guide for 'The Piano Lesson' Play The Piano Lesson is part of August Wilsons cycle of 10 plays known as the Pittsburg Cycle. Each play explores the lives of African-American families. The dramas take place in a different decade, from the early 1900s until the 1990s. The Piano Lesson premiered in 1987 at the Yale Repertory Theatre. Overview of the Play Set in Pittsburg during 1936, The Piano Lesson centers on the conflicting wills of a brother and sister (Boy Willie and Berniece) as they vie for possession of their familys most important heirloom, the piano. Boy Willie wants to sell the piano. With the money, he plans to buy land from the Sutters, a white family whose patriarch helped murder Boy Willies father. Berniece, 35, insists that the piano will stay in her home. She even pockets her late husbands gun to ensure the pianos security. So, why the power struggle over a musical instrument? To answer that, one must understand the history of Berniece and Boy Willys family (the Charles family), as well as a symbolic analysis of the piano. The Story of the Piano During Act One, Boy Willys Uncle Doaker recounts a series of tragic events in their familys history. During the 1800s, the Charles family was owned by a farmer named Robert Sutter. As an anniversary present, Robert Sutter traded two slaves for a piano. The exchanged slaves were Boy Willies grandfather (who was only 9 years old at the time) and great-grandmother (after whom Berniece was named). Mrs. Sutter loved the piano, but she missed the company of her slaves. She became so upset she refused to get out of bed. When Robert Sutter was unable to trade back the slaves, he gave a special task to Boy Willies great-grandfather (after whom Boy Willie was named). Boy Willies great-grandfather was a gifted carpenter and artist. Robert Sutter ordered him to carve pictures of the slaves into the wood of the piano so that Mrs. Sutter would not miss them as much. Of course, Boy Willies great-grandfather missed his family more earnestly than the slave owners. So, he carved beautiful portraits of his wife and child, as well as other images: His mother, Mama EstherHis father, Boy CharlesHis marriageHis sons birthHis mothers funeralThe day his family was taken away In short, the piano is more than an heirloom; it is a work of art, embodying the familys joy and heartache. Taking the Piano After the Civil War, members of the Charles family continued to live and work in the south. Three grandchildren of the aforementioned slaves are important characters of The Piano Lesson. The three brothers are: Boy Charles: The father of Boy Willie and Berniece.Doaker: A longtime railroad worker who has for all intents and purposes retired from the worldWining Boy: A lousy gambler and formerly-talented musician. During the 1900s, Boy Charles constantly complained about the Sutter familys ownership of the piano. He believed that the Charles family was still enslaved so long as the Sutters kept the piano, symbolically holding the Charles family legacy hostage. On July 4, the three brothers took the piano away while the Sutters enjoyed a family picnic. Doaker and Wining Boy transported the piano to another county, but Boy Charles stayed behind. That night, Sutter and his posse set fire to Boy Charles home. Boy Charles attempted to escape by train (the 3:57 Yellow Dog, to be exact), but Sutters men blocked the railroad. They set fire to the boxcar, murdering Boy Charles and four homeless men. Over the next 25 years, the murderers met a dreadful fate of their own. Some of them mysteriously fell down their own well. A rumor spread that the Ghosts of the Yellow Dog sought revenge. Others contend that ghosts had nothing to do with the death of Sutter and his men - that living and breathing men threw them into a well. Throughout The Piano Lesson, Sutters ghost appears to each of the characters. His presence can be seen as a supernatural character or the symbolic remnant of an oppressive society that still attempts to intimidate the Charles family.

Going for growth by investing in people, products and plant 2 Essay

Going for growth by investing in people, products and plant 2 - Essay Example Question 1 Before making an investment, it is prudent that one possesses an effective understanding of the market of operation. This is important in making an informed investment move. The process of studying the market and developing an understanding of the same is collectively referred to as investment appraisal. It involves a series of market evaluation through a number of mechanisms which result in the comparison of the business’ key objectives which are profitability under the existent market forces (Willey, 2012). There are a number of investment appraisal methodologies including net present value which investigates the ability of the market to repay the investment given the numerous present market factors such as inflation. One of the most preferred of these methods is the direct payback method in which the investor calculates the number of years it may take the business to return the initial investment. Some other investment appraisal method is the accounting rate of r eturn which bases its assessment of the market on its ability to earn profit to the investment. Despite their different approaches to the appraisal, the methods safeguard the interest of the business by trying to determine its profitability and above all its longevity. The life of a business is of great importance to the investor since the longer a business stays viable, the more the investor earns. The company makes an extensive capital investment with the sole aim of achieving the business objective. Capital investment is the amount of money that the enterprise invests in fixed assets which are directly used before implementing its investment plan. In this case, the Hazelwood Sandwiches Company carries out an extensive market research and investment appraisal thereby ensuring that their company stays relevant in the evidently dynamic market (Tabbush, 2011). This includes enhancing the production process such as the machinery and the production plant. The company does this after st aying in operation for some time; it therefore has an understanding of the market. Its decision to make such an expansive capital investment arises from the understanding that it has for the market. The company, just as any other desires, to stay active in the industry for as long as it takes. It therefore collects adequate information about the market and has its market facts right (Thomas & Michael, 2001). After determining the market size, the company determines its market share which is indeed the largest. The subsequent investment therefore arises from the desire to retain the position thus safeguarding both the profitability and the longevity of the company. The company has therefore mapped out its capital investment plan in phases to ensure that it does not become bankrupt in the process since such as scenario might have stifled the production process thereby either incurring debts or resulting in the eventual closure of the company. While purchasing fixed assets and improvin g the scale of production, the company also increases its working capital which is also part of capital investment. Question 2 The investment decision technique is synonymous to the investment appraisal method. The three discussed in the article are the playback method, the net present value, and the account rate of return (Alexander, 2010). Despite the fact that they all lead to an appropriate investment decision, they are different in their provisions and therefore possess unique advantages and disadvantages. The net

How the introduction of a new technology can assist an organisation in Dissertation

How the introduction of a new technology can assist an organisation in achieving its business objectives (Apple Company) - Dissertation Example The organization that will be the centre of the research is Apple Incorporation with focus on their iphone and ipad products. This study is significant in view of the fact that Apple Inc is considered as the leading organization in computing and mobile information innovation (Shi, 2011). Apple Inc is ranked 35 in Fortune 500 of 2011, 21 ranks higher compared with last year (www.fortune.com). The company’s increased in rank is visible manifestation not only of increased revenue, but it is also a show of the company exists expanding market and its capacity in creating new ones. Furthermore, in order to address the topic of the research, a look into the objectives of the Apple Inc., as well as, the company’s performance in the market will be performed. 1.2. Reasons for the Topic Chosen Fast phased developments in technology are an essential attribute of the contemporary period, especially in the business world (Andersen, 2001). The reasons behind why this topic has been chosen are because 1) Integral in the survival of contemporary organizations is it response to the challenges and demands of new technologies (Thomas 1994, p. 235). As such, the research believes that understanding the alignment between objectives and new technologies can further the knowledge necessary in apprehending the business environment of organisations. 2) Apple Inc is considered as one of the most innovative organizations in computer and mobile technology in the world (Voice of the Innovators, 2004). An insight regarding how the company keeps its leadership in technological innovation while pursuing its objectives helps in gaining an understanding regarding how new technologies can help organisations attain its goals. 3) The researcher views the alignment of new technologies and business objectives of the organisation can be considered as a powerful strategy that companies may utilised as they compete in the global market. In this regard, the experience of Apple Inc. affirms this view. Since, the company is not only

An Analysis of Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essay -- Worn Path essays

A Worn Path – An Analysis       The short story "A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty, is a descriptive story of a grandmother's difficult journey, for a grandson she loves. Her devotion to her grandson and wanting to provide him with a better lifestyle, was her motivation to overcome these trials. On this trip, Phoenix Jackson, the grandmother, struggles against old age, nature, and reality.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Phoenix Jackson was certainly a dedicated old lady. She refused to give up, despite the odds against her, to help her grandson. Her grandson was very sick, and needed certain medication to live. After traveling miles through wilderness, barbed wire, thorn bushes, and being confronted by a white man with a gun, she still persisted on her path. She didn't care about the consequences to her self on her journey. Her only concern was that little boy, who was sick at home, waiting for her. In a time period when whites had the say over blacks, she took a great risk in disobeying the white hunter, he told her "Now you go on home, Granny"(215). To which she replied, "I bound to go to town mister"(215), and belligerently ignored him. She even risked her life in stealing 5 cents that the man had dropped, all for the sake of giving her grandson a gift.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On her weary voyage, Phoenix Jackson had to overcome the hardships that her old age brought. As she traveled miles as she was "moving a little from side to side" (212). Her speaking to the animals in saying, "Keep out from under these feet little bobwhite"(213), is possibly an example of her being senile. Another example of her seeming senile is when she sees a little boy bringing her marble cake; not realizing it's just an illusion. An example of her determination in overc... .... The moral may lie beneath the actual story, because the grandson's livelihood may not be the only one at stake through this journey. The woman, being old, may represent death. And the trip is her voyage to find life, or preserve what little life she has life. If she gives up, she loses that life, which is what the grandson is symbolic of. Her devotion to her grandson and her love for him, may be her motivation. But, her devotion to life is another. She accomplishes her goals by overcoming the struggles that old age and nature brought against her. By doing so, she's regained the life she loves, at least, until next year, when she travels that worn path again.    Works Cited Welty, Eudora. "A Worn path." Literature for Composition. Ed. Sylvan Barnet, Morton Berman, William Burto, William E. Cain, Marcia Stubbs. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2000. 212-218 An Analysis of Eudora Welty's A Worn Path Essay -- Worn Path essays A Worn Path – An Analysis       The short story "A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty, is a descriptive story of a grandmother's difficult journey, for a grandson she loves. Her devotion to her grandson and wanting to provide him with a better lifestyle, was her motivation to overcome these trials. On this trip, Phoenix Jackson, the grandmother, struggles against old age, nature, and reality.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Phoenix Jackson was certainly a dedicated old lady. She refused to give up, despite the odds against her, to help her grandson. Her grandson was very sick, and needed certain medication to live. After traveling miles through wilderness, barbed wire, thorn bushes, and being confronted by a white man with a gun, she still persisted on her path. She didn't care about the consequences to her self on her journey. Her only concern was that little boy, who was sick at home, waiting for her. In a time period when whites had the say over blacks, she took a great risk in disobeying the white hunter, he told her "Now you go on home, Granny"(215). To which she replied, "I bound to go to town mister"(215), and belligerently ignored him. She even risked her life in stealing 5 cents that the man had dropped, all for the sake of giving her grandson a gift.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On her weary voyage, Phoenix Jackson had to overcome the hardships that her old age brought. As she traveled miles as she was "moving a little from side to side" (212). Her speaking to the animals in saying, "Keep out from under these feet little bobwhite"(213), is possibly an example of her being senile. Another example of her seeming senile is when she sees a little boy bringing her marble cake; not realizing it's just an illusion. An example of her determination in overc... .... The moral may lie beneath the actual story, because the grandson's livelihood may not be the only one at stake through this journey. The woman, being old, may represent death. And the trip is her voyage to find life, or preserve what little life she has life. If she gives up, she loses that life, which is what the grandson is symbolic of. Her devotion to her grandson and her love for him, may be her motivation. But, her devotion to life is another. She accomplishes her goals by overcoming the struggles that old age and nature brought against her. By doing so, she's regained the life she loves, at least, until next year, when she travels that worn path again.    Works Cited Welty, Eudora. "A Worn path." Literature for Composition. Ed. Sylvan Barnet, Morton Berman, William Burto, William E. Cain, Marcia Stubbs. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2000. 212-218

Good human development indicators and globalization in Kerala Essay

Introduction Thesis: Globalization has caused more problems than advantages to the state of Kerala Much has been written about globalization and its effects on our world. In fact, no corner of the modern world, except in some extreme cases, has escaped the good and bad effects of globalization. On the brighter side globalization involves an increased openness in the international business relations, an integration of markets on a worldwide basis, and a movement toward a borderless world. The sources of globalization are varied and include the technological advances and liberalization of trade policies brought into force over the past decades. Of all the effects of globalization, the chief source effect is the technological advances that have significantly lowered the costs of transportation and communication and dramatically lowered the costs of data processing and information storage and retrieval. Electronic mail, the Internet, and the World Wide Web are some of the manifestations of this new technology. While these are the more evident aspect of globalization, the meeting of minds across the constraints of culture and language has also become a reality The impact of globalization and internationalism on society is also huge. Today everybody talks about the ‘global village’ and nations on either side of the globe are just hours away from each other. Cities are expanding by the hour and the new technologies that are impacting us are creating a unified world culture; what many would like to call as the brave new world. In retrospect, is this new culture based on bravery or untamed consumerism? World cultures are being annihilated by the wave of crass consumerism and scant regard for values. The populations of today have lesser family values and more internal strife, which threatens to tear apart social order. Violence due to the lack of family and supportive values are reducing a whole generation to waste. People are being tempted to think beyond their means, and the end result is that the family has become the casualty. Today we have individualistic aspirations and the feeling of ‘I’ is strongest in people. The stress on ‘We’ is almost non-existent. Economically also, there is a terrible imbalance in the world. We see a few nations that are well off economically and the majority does not have enough even to feed their people. We see increased migrations from poor populations to rich economies. Lack of economic power compels these migrants to be dominated by the rich and the influential. One of the many advantages of globalization is the fact that cultures across the world could interact with each other and help each other in integrating with each other. It is only natural that such interactions and the inculcation of modern ideas and interaction will bring about so many changes that come into conflict with the existing norms and belief systems of a society. In fact, the ability to assimilate productive changes and the capacity to discard beliefs that are detrimental to the interest of the society are the essential qualities of a good social order. If a society allows itself to be dominated by beliefs that are not in tune with the needs and aspirations of the changing times, one cannot say that it is a progressive society. On the other hand, it must also be said that a society that is open to change without considering the detrimental effects that such a change can make in the long run will not add quality to that society. Hence, ideally there needs to be a balance between age old ideas that form the foundation of the society on which modern progressive ideas needs to be implemented The position of Kerala in the world scenario The tiny state of Kerala, which is located in the southern most end of India, has a place of its own in the global map of developed regions. In many respects, this tiny spec of land and its population has been able to assimilate the good values of globalization while mostly rejecting its evils even though the undesirable effects of globalization are for everyone to see in the state. The so-called ‘Kerala Model of Development’ was a few years before a role model in developing and shaping a society. (Devi, Lakshmy K R, (2002). Education, Health and Women’s Empowerment – Kerala’s Experience in Linking the Triad). Kerala has demonstrated that social development is not always linked to economic superiority. Many human development indicators in Kerala are in par or above international standards and all of them cannot be attributed to globalization, which is a relatively new happening in India. For example, Kerala’s infant mortality rate comes close to Ireland, which leads the world in this respect (Richard, Douthwaite. (2002). Kerala and Quality of Life – Interesting Richard Douthwaite Article). Similarly, life expectancy is much higher than some of the advanced nations of the world. There are many other factors, both social and political that has helped the state achieve a level of human development indicators that matches the best nations in the world. Progressive redistribution measures like land reforms, and a wide network of the public distribution system has helped the state lay a strong foundation of social upliftment (Franke, Richard W and Chasin, Barbara H. (1995). Kerala State: A Social Justice Model). Similarly, welfare oriented policies of the state government, especially with regard to education and minimum wage, and the role of a socially engaged population has also helped the state to achieve a place of its own in the global scenario. (Akash, K apur. (1998). Poor but Prosperous. & Jean, Dreze and Amartya, Sen. (2002). India: Development and Participation). It should also be noted that Kerala, which has only a fraction of the buying power of most advanced nations, has been able to devise a culture that utilizes its resources in an efficient manner. The one single factor that has made Kerala such a success story is perhaps the level of education that Keralites enjoy. With a 100 percent literacy rate and a high level of women literacy, it is not a surprise that Kerala has been able to assimilate the good effects of social and individual development. (Antrobus, P. and Christiansen-Ruffman, L. (1999). Women Organizing Locally and Globally: Development Strategies, Feminist Perspectives. & Lourdes, Beneria and Gita, Sen. (1997). Accumulation, Reproduction and Women’s Role in Economic Development: Boserup Revisited). Effects of globalization in Kerala It must be said that globalization has affected Kerala in both good and bad ways. Even though Kerala has been able to resist some of the destructive effects of globalization, it is not immune to the thrust that globalization has been having on the state. The most important aspect of globalization is that the state has become a hotspot for consumerist tendencies. Evidences indicate that the state is more a consumer than a producer. Agriculture is almost dead in the once thriving green belt of India and over exploitation of resource is the norm of the society. With a high percentage of Non Resident Indians who are responsible for one of the largest foreign remittances in the world, it is not surprising that the economy of the state is more and more dependent on its citizens working abroad than within it . In the job sector, the state has not been able to provide the required levels of employment to its youth and this has in turn affected the social milieu of the state. The increasing social unrest is often attributed to dissatisfied informed youngsters who wants to match their facilities in par with the modern world, but do not have the means to do so. Â  Criticism has also been raised on intellectual property rights and other similar issues, which are also a fallout of globalization. The western world is in a hurry to patent many processes and medicines, especially the indigenous system of medicine in Kerala called Ayurveda, in spite of the fact that these systems have been transferred across many generations in the state. Recently, farmers in Kerala protested against WTO practices that prevented them from conducting their traditional farming practices. All this indicates that the process of globalization in not smooth in the country and that there is much resistance to change from within the state. The potential of Kerala in the new world Experts opine that Kerala, with its unique resources, both natural and human, have certain potentialities to match the increasing effects of globalization. (Nair, A. Balakrishan. (1994). The Government and Politics of Kerala. Structure, Dynamics and Development). The core difference between a manufacturing industry and a service-oriented industry is not only restricted to the way in which business is carried out, but also extends to various dimensions such as its organizational culture. Companies that have made a transition from a predominantly manufacturing-industry attitude to a service-industry attitude have had to adjust to the phenomenal changes in attitude and culture that goes along with the change. Perhaps, the most important factor that comes into play is how human resources are attuned to respond to the challenges posed by such transitions. Companies that have undergone the transition can provide knowledge on the change to companies that are planning for such a change. A service oriented organization has to create, manage and advance its cultural values in order to cope up with the specific challenges that are posed to it by factor such as location and local culture. It is in this context that cultural values in Kerala attain significance with regard to service-oriented institutions. Within the past two decade, Kerala has increasingly cemented its position as one of the ‘must-see’ tourist locations in India. Kerala, which was rather obscure to the foreign tourist and even to the Indian traveler, shot into fame only about 10-20 years ago because of a concerted effort by the state government and private operators. The state, which had, and still has, a lot of unexploited tourism potential is one of the most popular destinations in the world and each year an ever increasing number of people are flocking into this state to relish its beauty and rich varied culture. Tourism, which has developed into an industry status in the state has attained the status because of globalization. It is believed that tourism is one of the most prominent symbols of globalization in the state. In terms of other factors that encourage business, a survey by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) (Kerala government policy. (2006)), which covered 18 states in India, indicates that Kerala stands 13th as far as its investment climate is concerned. However, Kerala ranks first in law and order and education, and ranks high as far as affluence and social sector are concerned. All this indicates without doubt that Kerala has all the potential to attract foreign investment. However, recent event shows that that consumer debt is increasing since the past decade or so. More advertisements that speak about debt consolidation and take-over of existing debts are a definite indicator of the amount of debts that the average consumer owes to different credit companies in the country. Debts in the farm sector, which has been the worst hit industry because of globalization, is increasing and recently Kerala reported many deaths due to poverty and debts. Many experts believe that bad credit management happens because people are carried away by the features that are offered by modern financial institutions. (Pillai, P. Gopinadan. (1999). Left Movement and Agrarian Relations in Kerala). Kerala’s stature with regard to globalization Detractors of globalization argue that much has changed in the state that had been a model of development to the world. Today, reports show that the economy of the state is in tatters and that the advantages that the state had in terms of social equality and distribution has been whiled away. Advantages that the natives had gained as an agrarian and self-reliant economy had been wasted in favor of consumerist attitudes. Social and political indicators point to the fact that the state has undergone a sea change in terms of development and expansion. Today, Kerala is a tourist hub and is developing in a manner that is similar to other third world tourist destinations such as Thailand and Singapore. The social system has broken down and people are no more connected to each other as a few decades before. Kerala is unique politically because it had instilled one of the first democratically elected communist regimes in India. It must be said that the spirit of the communist ideology is fairly deep rooted in the state. The ideologies of the pioneers of the communism in the state are also largely responsible for the social improvements that the state has so far witnessed. The communists in Kerala, as in other parts of the world are strictly against globalization and capitalist motives in the state. They argue that globalization takes away a lion’s share of autonomy and that the effects of globalization will further deepen the divide between the deprived and the affluent classes. The loss of autonomy, especially in the farm sector, as evidenced by the recent global against the WTO regimes lends credence to the argument of the communists in Kerala. The communist ideology that globalization, which they infer as hegemony of capitalist nations over poor countries, will deepen the divided between the poor and the affluent is also true to some extent considering the fact that open market policies and regulations, which are by products of globalization will remove a lot of protection that investors used to enjoy previously. Other challenges in maintaining social welfare in Kerala Ironically, economic factors are one of the major facts that could affect social welfare in the state of Kerala. Without the flow of money that critics attribute as the ill effects of globalization, social order in Kerala will be very much affected and governments will find it difficult to maintain social order in the state. For example, many experts have mentioned that Kerala in its zeal to maintain its position with regard to health and education has incurred huge deficits that cannot be easily solved without the advantages of globalization. Similarly, the ageing population of Kerala will cause productivity to drop in the near future and it will become mandatory to attract and retain young blood in the state to take care of its own resources and guide development in the state. Globalization has also helped to rectify some of the past mistakes of the leftist governments who were also responsible for driving the winds of change in the society. Conclusion The state of Kerala has been able to so far select the advantages derived from globalization and reject most of the bad effects it might bring to a country’s overall economy. However, it will not be long before the state will start succumbing to pure market-oriented practices that can destroy the carefully created social advantages the state enjoys today. The advantages that the state enjoys today as a model state is not a fallout of globalization, but were achieved even much before foreign investors invested in independent India. The general degradation of quality in many aspects of social life and the huge cultural changes that the state is going through can be directly attributed to globalization. Hence, it is imperative that globalization is accepted in it right perspective and applied in order to ensure that the state maintains its inherent advantages while becoming a global role model in many more spheres. The state has much to offer in terms of both its rich cultural heritage and highly proficient workforce but if it doesn’t stride in the right path, the negative effects of globalization might hamper its economical and social progress. Work Cited Devi, Lakshmy K R, (2002). Education, Health and Women’s Empowerment – Kerala’s Experience in Linking the Triad. Department of Economics: University of Calicut. Franke, Richard W and Chasin, Barbara H. (1995). Kerala State: A Social Justice Model. Multinational Monitor. India: Open for Business. 2 Mar. 2007 . Akash, Kapur. (1998). Poor but Prosperous. The Atlantic Online. 2 Mar. 2007 . Antrobus, P. and Christiansen-Ruffman, L. (1999). Women Organizing Locally and Globally: Development Strategies, Feminist Perspectives . London & New York: Zed Books. Lourdes, Beneria and Gita, Sen. (1997). Accumulation, Reproduction and Women’s Role in Economic Development: Boserup Revisited. Nova Scotia: Fernwood Publishing Company Ltd. Jean, Dreze and Amartya, Sen. (2002). India: Development and Participation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ester, Boserup. (1970). Women’s Role in Economic Development. London: Unwin Ltd. Richard, Douthwaite. (2002). Kerala and Quality of Life – Interesting Richard Douthwaite Article. 2 Mar. 2007 . Gemma, Cairo. (2001). State and Society Relationships in Kerala: Explaining the Kerala Experience. Asia Survey. 41 (4): 669-692. Nair, A. Balakrishan. (1994). The Government and Politics of Kerala. Structure, Dynamics and Development. Thiruvanthapuram: Indira Publications. Kerala government policy. 2 Mar. 2007 . Pillai, P. Gopinadan. (1999). Left Movement and Agrarian Relations in Kerala. The Eastern Anthropologist. 15 (3): 237-246.

Beginner German Mistake der Freund

The word Freund in German is at times ambiguous since it can mean either friend or boyfriend. The same with Freundin, which can mean either a female friend or a girlfriend. The use of der Freund/ die Freundin relies on contextual cues to give you an accurate meaning. Consider the Following Sentences Er ist mein bester FreundMein amerikanischer FreundMein Freund HeinzEr ist ein Freund fà ¼rs LebenWir sind FreundeEr ist ein Freund von mirEr ist mein FreundEr ist ein FreundEinen festen Freund habenEin echter FreundMein echter freundHast du einen Freund?Ist er dein Freund?Hast du Freunde?Ich war mit einem Freund im Urlaub Which of the above sentences signify â€Å"friend†, which ones â€Å"boyfriend†? Fortunately, Germans have construed set phrases to differentiate between the two. To mean strictly a friend, er ist ein Freund/ sie ist eine Freundin von mir is usually said. To add more â€Å"amore†, then the possessive pronoun will be used: er ist mein Freund/sie ist meine Freundin. If you want to talk in general about a boyfriend/girlfriend, simply einen Freund haben/eine Freundin haben or einen festen Freund haben/ eine feste Freundin haben will do. For example, if you wanted to ask somebody if she has a boyfriend, you could say either Hast du einen festen Freund? or Hast du einen Freund? But remember above all, context is key. Avoid the Embarrassment In order to not mix up a friend with a boyfriend and avoid some eyebrow raising, a good rule of thumb to keep would be the following: Usually anything with a possessive pronoun such as mein (except for mein bester Freund and other phrases, see below), and fest can be safely considered to be boyfriend territory. Take note however that women are more apt to call their female friends meine Freundin, whereas men prefer to introduce their male friends as ein Freund von mir. The term ein Freund (without von mir tagged behind it) can be interpreted either way depending on the context and the speaker’s intent. Keeping all this in mind, the aforementioned phrases could be translated as follows: Er ist mein bester Freund. (He is my best friend.)Mein amerikanischer Freund. (My American boyfriend)Mein Freund Heinz. (My boyfriend Heinz)Er ist ein Freund fà ¼rs Leben. (He is a friend for life.)Wir sind Freunde. (We are friends.)Er ist ein Freund von mir. (He is a friend of mine.)Er ist mein Freund. (He is my boyfriend.)Mein guter Freund. (My good friend.)Er ist ein Freund. (He is a friend.)Einen festen Freund haben. (To have a boyfriend.)Ein echter Freund. (A true friend.)Mein echter Freund. (My true friend/My real boyfriend.)Hast du einen Freund? (Do you have a boyfriend?)Ist er dein Freund? (Is he your boyfriend?)Hast du Freunde? (Do you have friends?)Ich war mit einem Freund im Urlaub. (I was on vacation with a friend.) Why the Ambiguity? It is interesting to note that the Old High German word for Freund, namely friunt as well as the Middle High German vriunt was used interchangeably with both close friends and relatives even up till the 1700s. The meaning of Freund can be traced back to the pre-Old High German word frijond which was the present participle of the verb frijon, ‘to love’. Further, Germans tend to use the word Freund less liberally than Americans, since ein Freund is really reserved for close friends. In less close-knit friendships, the other person is often considered by Germans to be â€Å"ein Bekannter† or â€Å"ein Kumpel.† Synonyms for Freund: der Kamerad, der Kumpel, der Kollege, der Gefà ¤hrte, die/der Atze (Berlin).Synonyms for Freund as Boyfriend/Girlfriend: der Geliebte/die Geliebte, der Lebenspartner/ die Lebenspartnerin, der Lebensgefà ¤hrte/ die Lebensgefà ¤hrtin.Expressions with Freund: das Freund-Feind-Denken an â€Å"if you’re not for us, you’re against us† way of thinkingDas habe ich ihm unter Freunden gesagt that was just between the two of us

Living Horizontally

Our entire culture, as well as our hectic day and age, have very strict views on lying down, getting up late and in general spending our time sleeping or simply reclining in bed. Famous high-achievers tend to state that they get by with no more than six hours of sleep a day if not less; the sleep itself is often considered something of a nuisance, something to be minimized, something that, regretfully, cannot be eliminated altogether. Even the people who work from home often say that in order to motivate themselves they have to behave as if they had a usual job: dress properly, sit at a desk, get up early and so on. German writer Bernd Brunner, the author of The Art of Lying Down, certainly has some very different views on this subject. He almost sanctifies the process, gradually describing its different aspects. According to him, human beings usually spend about a third of their life sleeping and even more simply lying down, and there is nothing shameful about it. People who like to get up late or have a nap during the day should not at all be afraid to acknowledge it he firmly believes that the future of the Western civilization lies in embracing a new lifestyle which is less obsessed about activity and more about resting. Moving from subject to subject in an effortless manner, Brunner describes different aspects of horizontal lifestyle, at the same time grudgingly accepting that some things are probably better left alone. For example, eating although ancient Greeks and Romans were known for having their meals while reclining on benches, he agrees that tables and chairs have been around for thousands of years and there are logical reasons why it is the standard that is accepted by the majority of civilized peoples. Also he speaks against the notion of sleeping outside however romantic and natural it may sound, people have invented houses to improve their lives, and sleeping in the open is far less comfortable: there are cold and damp earth, rain, animal sounds and so on. All in all, The Art of Lying Down may be characterized as a kind of a hymn to living horizontally: the authors encourages the readers to spend more time resting and make their lives less noisy and frantic: by accepting the culture of rest, he believes, the Western civilization may find a new way into the future.

Research Proposal for the Examination of Emotion...

Introduction Throughout my life I have been surrounded by the military lifestyle. It began with my father serving in the Army for over 17 years, to my brother’s experimentation in the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC), which eventually led him to join the Army. When the time for me came to go to college, I thought I would no longer be surrounded by a military environment, however I found myself interacting with members of the ROTC instantly. I have always been fascinated by the camaraderie that members of the military have, yet I have always wondered whether this camaraderie, and their attitudes towards each other and themselves change while partaking in physical training. This research paper is guided by the question, how do the members of the ROTC manage their emotions during their physical trainings? Within this research proposal I will be going through previous research and tying it into my research question in a literature review section. In a methods sectio n, I will then explain what sort of method I will use and why I will use it to collect data and answer my research question. To finish off, I will explain whether my answer was questioned, as well as what future research can be done, and what my limitations were when conducting with this research. Literature Review In an effort to attend to my research question I will use the dramaturgical perspective. The dramaturgical perspective will prove to be helpful when answering my research question because

Sony Ericsson Sustainabiliy Report 2011 Free Essays

2011 Sustainability Report Contents About Sony Ericsson About the report Financial results 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18 19 20 21 Corporate A word from our President and Chief Executive Officer Governance People Vision in sustainability GreenHeartâ„ ¢ Contents The Life cycle approach Life cycle analysis Carbon footprint Recycling Substance control Supply chain Factory Health Community engagement 2011 Sustainability Report | Contents About Sony Ericsson Sony Ericsson is a 50:50 joint venture between Sony Corporation (â€Å"Sony†) and Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (â€Å"Ericsson†). In October 2011 it was announced by Sony and Ericsson that Sony will acquire Ericsson’s stake in the company and that Sony Ericsson will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. The transaction is expected to close in February, subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals, and Sony Ericsson will be renamed Sony Mobile Communications. We will write a custom essay sample on Sony Ericsson Sustainabiliy Report 2011 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the years Sony Ericsson has brought together the best communication technologies with superior entertainment user experiences to create its Xperiaâ„ ¢ line of the ‘most entertaining smartphones’ in the mobile handset industry. Building on the momentum of the previous year, Sony Ericsson continued to drive forward its smartphone strategy in 2011, shifting the business from feature phones to smartphones. The AndroidTM based smartphone XperiaTM portfolio remained at the heart of this strategy and will continue to serve as a cornerstone of the smartphone line-up as the company integrates fully with Sony. 2011 Sustainability Report | About Sony Ericsson 1 About Sony Ericsson About the report Sustainability is a central part of everything we do at Sony Ericsson, both internally and externally, from the development of our handsets to the recycling initiatives in our offices. With this is in mind we strive to be a leader in the industry working across the three main areas of sustainability – economic, environmental and social. We take a life cycle approach to each, addressing all aspects of a phone’s life cycle; from the design and supply to production, use and end of life. The Sony Ericsson Sustainability Report 2011 addresses these areas and presents them along with our life cycle approach. We have created the following life cycle graphic to showcase this approach in a simple and easy to understand way: Design Production Supply Unless otherwise stated, all information and data contained in this report pertains to activities undertaken from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. The report examines aspects of Sony Ericsson’s activities all around the world, including our manufacturing facility, Beijing SE Potevio Mobile Communications Co. , Ltd. (BMC). The financial figures referred to in the report cover the period from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. Sony Ericsson would like to thank all the people who have contributed to this report. Information on our ongoing sustainability work can be found at www. sonyericsson. com/sustainability If you have any comments or suggestions on this report, we are happy to receive your feedback at sustainability@sonyericsson. com We welcome open dialogue with all stakeholders on our GreenHeartâ„ ¢ blog at http://blogs. sonyericsson. com/greenheart About the report Life Cycle Approach Use End of Life Forward-looking statements This report includes forward-looking statements, including statements reflecting management’s current views relating to the growth of the market, future market conditions, future events and expected operational and financial performance. The words â€Å"believe†, â€Å"expect†, â€Å"foresee†, â€Å"anticipate†, â€Å"assume†, â€Å"intend†, â€Å"may†, â€Å"could†, â€Å"plan†, â€Å"estimate†, â€Å"will†, â€Å"should†, â€Å"could†, â€Å"aim†, â€Å"target†, â€Å"might† or, in each case, their negative, and similar words are intended to help identify forward-looking statements. Forward looking statements may be found throughout this document. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these and other forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that these expectations will materialise. Because forward-looking statements are based on assumptions, judgments and estimates, and are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results could differ materially from those described or implied herein. Important factors that could affect whether and to what extent any of our forward-looking statements materialise include various factors that may be out of our control. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or potential inaccuracies included in this report, whether as a result of new information or future events. 2 2011 Sustainability Report | About the report Financial results 2011 was a year of transition for Sony Ericsson. The company saw fluctuations in its financial results, with Q2 earnings impacted by the Japan earthquake and Q4 earnings affected by intense competition and the challenging global macro-economic situation. For the fiscal year January 1, 2011 to December 1, 2011 total consolidated net sales during the period reached EUR 5,212 million. Income before taxes amounted to EUR -243 million, of which net restructuring costs were EUR 93 million, and net income after taxes was EUR -247 million. The number of units sold (excluding accessories) over the period was 34. 4 million units. In an effort to further increase efficiencies, a restructuring programme was launched in December. The restru cturing costs for this programme are EUR 93 million. The quarterly breakdown of Sony Ericsson’s key figures is as follows: (Units sold in thousands, values in million Euros). Financial Results for 2011 1Q 2011 2Q 2011 3Q 2011 4Q 2011 Units sold (million units) Net sales (EUR million) NIBT (EUR million) Net income (EUR million) 8,142 1,145 15 11 7,644 1,193 -42 -50 9,549 1,586 31 0 9,036 1,288 -247 -207 Smartphones generated nearly 75% of the total sales in 2011, compared to nearly 50% in 2010. To date, Sony Ericsson has shipped a total of 28 million Xperiaâ„ ¢ smartphones since initial launch of its Androidâ„ ¢ based Xperiaâ„ ¢ range in 2010. 2011 Sustainability Report | Financial results 3 Financial results A word from our President and Chief Executive Officer President and Chief Executive Officer 2011 was an eventful year for Sony Ericsson. We truly transitioned out of the feature phone business to become a smartphone company. Throughout the year we launched a range of exciting and innovative Android smartphones, including the pioneering gaming device Xperiaâ„ ¢ PLAY, the world’s first Playstation Certified smartphone. We also brought our GreenHeartâ„ ¢ credentials even further across our portfolio, striving to offer eco-friendlier Xperiaâ„ ¢ smartphones, chargers and accessories to our consumers, and we received the 2011 EISA Green Smartphone award for our Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini. However in March, we received the shocking news of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan. As a company with a Japanese heritage and major operations in the country, this tragedy affected us all personally and professionally, impacting our employees and supply chain. During these tragic events, I was personally moved by the courage, commitment and teamwork demonstrated by our staff in Japan and the Japanese people as a whole. Since then, we have been focused on learning from and adapting to the consequences of a natural disaster, ensuring that we actively manage risk should we experience similar events in the future. In October, Sony announced its intent to acquire Ericsson’s share in Sony Ericsson, making the mobile handset business a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. This integration provides us and our consumers with great opportunities as we become part of Sony’s broad platform of network-connected consumer electronics products, content and services. Sony Ericsson’s name will change and we will be known as Sony Mobile Communications. Throughout 2012 we will continue our shift to smartphones as we become part of Sony. Smartphones are a fundamental component of the Sony convergence strategy and the vision of an integrated user experience for all Sony consumers. The integration will also enable us to join forces and utilise Sony’s and our own strengths to create new initiatives in the area of sustainability. Together we will work hard to ensure that sustainability is a thread that runs all the way through our business via the life cycle approach, from the activities in our supply chain to our recycling initiatives. Thank you for your interest in our 2011 Sustainability Report and please continue to give us your feedback via our GreenHeart blog: http://blogs. onyericsson. com/greenheart Bert Nordberg President and Chief Executive Officer Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications 4 2011 Sustainability Report | A word from our President and Chief Executive Officer Governance In October 2011, Sony announced its intent to acquire Ericsson’s 50 percent share in Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications, making the mobile handset business a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. The transaction is expected to close in February, subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals, and Sony Ericsson will be renamed Sony Mobile Communications. At Board level Sir Howard Stringer, Chairman, CEO and President of Sony Corporation, remained Chairman of the Board of Sony Ericsson. Hans Vestberg, President and CEO of Ericsson, remained Deputy Chairman of the Board of Sony Ericsson. Bert Nordberg remained President and CEO of Sony Ericsson and in July 2011, Yoshihisa (Bob) Ishida was appointed as Deputy CEO and Executive Vice President. Along with some of its global corporate functions in London, Sony Ericsson has sales and marketing operations in major regions of the world. Its product development and RD activities sites are based in: †¢ Beijing, China †¢ Lund, Sweden †¢ Silicon Valley, United States †¢ Tokyo, Japan Sony Ericsson’s financial risk management is governed by a policy approved by the Sony Ericsson Board. The management of the risks is executed by a centralised treasury function and its principal role is to ensure appropriate financing, manage the liquidity, to secure effective cash-management and to manage the accounts receivable, as well as managing and controlling financial risk exposures in a manner consistent with underlying business risk and financial policy. How our organisation is structured President CEO Corporate Functions Deputy CEO EVP EVP, Sales Marketing Technology Product Quality Validation Operations Sales Marketing 2011 Sustainability Report | Governance 5 Governance Financial risk management People Sony Ericsson prides itself on the range of talented people who work for us and make us who we are as a company. Without our employees we would not remain an innovator in the industry so we would like to say a big thank you to all the people who work to bring our products to life and to the market. While 2011 was a year of change for our employees, with the announcement that Sony will acquire Ericsson’s stake in the company, it was also the beginning of a new start as we embark on a new journey within the Sony family. Total Headcount in 2011 5% 30% 38% 2011 Total 8056 China Germany Japan Other Sweden USA 14% 11% 2% Code of conduct and governance Sony Ericsson has a Corporate Social Responsibility Code in place to make sure that the human rights of all our employees are complied with and respected throughout the company. In addition, we have an HR governance structure in place to ensure that all local and international laws with respect to employee and human rights are adhered to. Both the Corporate Social Responsibility Code and HR governance structure are run in close association along with employee representatives around the world. In addition, our HR team works directly with the global management team to bring to life these initiatives and ensure that Sony Ericsson is a preferred employer in the locations in which we operate. People 30% 2011 Gender Female Male 70% 5% 1% 16% 25% 2011 Age group 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ Global diversity We are a global organisation with our employees coming from over 70 countries across the world, so diversity in all its forms is embedded into everything we do. As such we appreciate and aim to nurture all the benefits that working in a global organisation can bring and we are committed to improving cultural and gender diversity within the business. 53% 4% Talent and performance management Talent management is extremely important to us in ensuring that we identify the right people for the right positions in our company and also hold onto our best and brightest employees. Our Talent Management Programme is specifically designed to help us do this and so far we have seen great success here. This programme works hand in hand with other initiatives such as our global leadership programme for particular leadership talents. All of our employees are also reviewed and appraised through a yearly performance management process and in 2011 we once again conducted our global employee engagement survey. 40% 2011 Nationality American 29% Chinese German Japanese Other 11% 14% 2% Swedish 6 2011 Sustainability Report | People Vision in sustainability Our vision: †¢ The resources consumed to make and use our products should not limit future generations to fulfil their goals and dreams †¢ Every Sony Ericsson product should be safe and not pose any threat to the environment throughout its full life cycle †¢ Our products should be produced in fair and sustainable working conditions The overall Sony Ericsson sustainability vision is that the value of our products and the experiences from them should outweigh the resources that they consume. We have a responsibility to our customers and end-users to consider and take into account the whole life cycle impact of our products. Our mission is that the production of our products, and indeed the products themselves, should have a minimal ecological footprint. This vision includes a better life for this generation and next generations to come, striving to become even better by reducing any environmental impact and lowering our use of resources. 2011 Sustainability Report | Vision in sustainability 7 Vision in sustainability Design Production Supply GreenHeart Energy Use End of Life GreenHeartâ„ ¢ For us it is not about making one green phone, it is about making all phones green. One of our key challenges is to raise the environmental awareness when people buy and use mobile phones. With this in mind GreenHeartâ„ ¢ was created as a way of providing a comprehensive approach to building and communicating a more sustainable business. GreenHeartâ„ ¢ is all about giving consumers a greener choice. We are committed to lowering the overall environmental impact of our products by implementing green initiatives across the portfolio without compromising on features, functionality or design. From the very beginning, with the launch of the Sony Ericsson C901â„ ¢ GreenHeartâ„ ¢ in 2009, the intention was to make every Sony Ericsson phone and accessory a GreenHeartâ„ ¢ product. For us GreenHeartâ„ ¢ is not a competition to produce the ‘greenest’ products, it is an initiative to improve our entire portfolio and make a positive impact on the environment. We want to ensure that every Sony Ericsson phone and accessory includes GreenHeartâ„ ¢ credentials and, step-by-step we are working towards this goal. Design Production Supply GreenHeartâ„ ¢ In 2011 we implemented GreenHeartâ„ ¢ to our core analysis portfolio. With Xperiaâ„ ¢ neo, Xperiaâ„ ¢ neo V, Xperiaâ„ ¢ pro, Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini and Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini pro we offer more Use End of Life eco-friendly smartphones on the Androidâ„ ¢ platform. The back covers of the 2011 Xperiaâ„ ¢ Greenheartâ„ ¢ smartphones contain 50% – 70% recycled plastics, which Design Production helps to conserve scarce natural resources and reduce Supply the use of oil based virgin plastics. We have worked hard to use waterborne paints in as many GreenHeartâ„ ¢ Carbon footprint products as possible, which significantly lower emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) compared to Use End of Life solvent-based paints. From the beginning of 2011, all of our new headsets and chargers were GreenHeartâ„ ¢ compliant. Our headsets use recycled plastics and our chargers fulfil Energy Star V requirements and have Design Production a no-load power consumption of ? 30 mW. Supply As a testament to our GreenHeartâ„ ¢ credentials and our Recycling commitment to continually improve the environmental impact of our phones, during 2011 Sony Ericsson Use Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini received the EISA Green Smart Phone 2011 – 2012 award. Design Production Supply Life cycle End of Life Substance control Use End of Life Energy consumption is a hot topic amongst users of smart phones and that’s where the Sony Ericsson Xperiaâ„ ¢Design mini Production outperforms the direct competition, be it used as a mobile Supply phone, music machine, mobile internet device or even photo camera. Recycling by SIMS Mirec Recycling Solutions, CSR the world’s largest electrical and electronics recovery and recycling company, clearly shows that when it comes to Use chemical analyses, the Sony Ericsson Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini scores End of Life best also. Despite its compact size and weight, the Sony Ericsson Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini is a clear Green winner in the mobile Design phone market of today. Production http://www. eisa. eu/award/56/european-green-smartphone-2011-2012. html Our Use Supply factory End of Life Design Production Supply Health Use End of Life Design Production Supply 8 2011 Sustainability Report Community | GreenHeartâ„ ¢ engagement Use Charger rating ? 0. 03 W No-load power consumption score chart 0. 03 to 0. 15 W 0. 15 to 0. 25 W ? 0. 03 W We have also introduced environmentally conscious packaging concepts for our accessory products. During 2011, we replaced all our plastic blister packaging with other more energy efficient solutions. Also, we reduced the packaging material by up to 30% and are using up to 50% smaller boxes in comparison to 2010. Finally, to save natural resources we do not provide No stars extended paper manuals and CDs with our phones. By replacing paper manuals with an electronic in-phone version, we have saved approximately 350 tons of paper per million phones produced. This is equivalent to 13,000 trees and 75,000 cubic meters of water. 0. 250. 03 to 0. 15 W to 0. 35 W to 0. 5 W 0. 350. 15 to 0. 25 W 0. 5 0. 25 to 0. 35 W W 0. 35 to 0. 5 W No stars 0. 5 W Mobile Device Charger Energy Mobile Device IPP project Phase 1 Voluntary Agreement EU and Industry IPP project Phase 1 Agreement EU and Industry Voluntary Manufacturer/Producer: Sony Ericsson Manufacturer/Producer: Sony Ericsson Model: EP-800 Model: No-load consumption: ? 30mW EP-300 No-load consumption: 30 mW Charger Energy Mobile Device Charger Energy Mobile Device Voluntary Agreement EU and Industry IPP Voluntary Phase 1 EU and Industry project Agreement Manufacturer/Producer: Sony Ericsson Manufacturer/Producer: Sony Ericsson Model: CST-15 Model: No-load consumption: CST-15 60 mW No-load consumption: 60 mW IPP project Phase 1 Charger Energy Mobile Device Energy Mobile Device Charger Charger Energy Voluntary Agreement EU Voluntary Agreement EU and Industry Charger Energy and Industry Charger Energy IPP project Phase 1 IPP project Phase 1 Mobile Device Mobile Device Mobile Device Mobile Device Charger Energy Voluntary Agreement EU and Industry IPP project Phase 1 Charger Energy 2011 Sustainability Report | GreenHeartâ„ ¢ 9 GreenHeartâ„ ¢ Consumers have high expectations of our products and it is important that the packaging reflects the overall experience of the phone. But packaging is also key to achieving a positive environmental impact and we have optimised the packaging of our products to make them more eco-friendly. We only use recyclable packaging materials and all packaging parts can be separated to facilitate recycling. Minimised packaging allows us to send more phones within each shipment, cutting down CO2 from transportation and saving non-renewable fuels. All our phone packaging boxes are made from paper and we are able to trace the origin of our virgin paper material. Whenever technically possible we use ink and varnish which is solvent-free and vegetable oil based ink. Design Production Supply Life cycle analysis Use End of Life Life cycle analysis Working with the life cycle perspective – our products When we assess the impact our products have on the environment, we look at the whole life cycle. The journey begins with the sourcing of materials, component manufacturing and product assembly. The products are then shipped to customers around the world and reach the end of their journey in the hands of consumers. With the availability of software updates, the lifetime of the phone can be prolonged but eventually a consumer will more than likely purchase a new handset. As a responsible consumer, he or she will recycle the old phone so that the materials can be used to make new products. The life cycle description above, gives a very brief introduction to what needs to be considered when analysing the impact that a product has on the environment. Key factors in this process include substance control, limiting greenhouse gas emissions and increasing recycling but it is also about people and having a positive social impact on the world. Sony Ericsson works hard to address all of these elements and to contribute to society through community engagement activities. Design Production Supply carbon footprint for each phase is measured or estimated footprint based on common behaviour and practices. All of these figures are added together and the total Use represents the overall environmental impact of the product. At Sony Ericsson we first completed a full life cycle analysis (LCA) Design in 2008 on a W890*. That work resulted in an LCA model Production that we still use internally today to measure and keep track of the carbon footprint of our products. Carbon End of Life Supply Life cycle analysis Life cycle assessment of our phones One way of measuring the impact a product has on the environment is to calculate its carbon footprint. This means that each phase of the product’s life is analysed and a The LCA that we conduct on our products is based on a three year life expectancy. As shown in the figures, the Use End of Life biggest impact area is the component manufacturing. This is because the manufacturing of electronic components, especially integrated circuits and displays, is very energy intensive. The second largest impact isDesign the Production user phase which includes the energy that the end user consumes to charge the phone. As you can see, the user Supply Substance phase for W890 creates a slightly larger impact than for control Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc. The difference is small however and the reason it isn’t greater is that even though we have worked hard to Use End of Life reduce the energy consumption of our chargers, the fact that a smartphone has a greater functionality increases its energy consumption. For W890, the transportation of the Design components and the phones has the third biggest impact, Production while for Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc, the third biggest impact area is the Supply raw material extraction. The reason that the transportation impact is lower for Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc is largely due CSR to Sony Ericsson’s improvement work with reducing packaging and removing materials such as CDs and extended Use End of Life paper manuals. Design Production Supply Recycling Our factory Use End of Life Design Production Supply Health Use End of Life Design Production Supply Community engagement Use End of Life *In a formal Critical Review Panel carried out in 2010 at The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden and chaired by The Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), it was found that the overall quality and review process for the Sony Ericsson W890 life cycle analysis was excellent and in full compliance with the ISO 14040 series standards. 10 2011 Sustainability Report | Life cycle analysis Here are some examples to give an indication of how the LCA and the carbon footprint differ between some Sony Ericsson products. Results cannot be directly compared to other manufacturers as there is currently no common model used to calculate them. †¢ Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc: 31kg CO2 equivalents †¢ Xperiaâ„ ¢ mini: 28kg CO2 equivalents †¢ Sony Ericsson txt: 19kg CO2 equivalents †¢ Sony Ericsson W890: 24kg CO2 equivalents The figures above clearly show that high-end phones like Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc generally have a higher carbon footprint than low end phones such as Sony Ericsson txt or the W890. Smartphones are high end phones, and as we commit to expanding our smartphone range we realise that addressing the carbon footprint of smartphones is going to be a growing challenge for us. In the short term, this is resulting in an increased environmental impact, however we are keeping track of this and are working to find sustainable solutions. W890 LCA result 2008 16% 8% 2% 4% Raw material extraction Component manufacture Transportation Sony Ericsson Activities 14% 56% Phone assembly, testing and warehousing Usage Xperiaâ„ ¢ arc LCA result 2011 2% 3% 8% 15% 9% Raw material extraction Component manufacture Transportation Sony Ericsson Activities Phone assembly, testing and warehousing Usage Our goal In 2008, Sony Ericsson set a goal to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from the full life cycle of our products by 15% by 2015, based on 2008 levels. In 2008, the total emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents were 2,036,165 tonnes. In 2011 that number was reduced to 1,018,400 tonnes CO2 equivalents, equalling a reduction of 50%. As these absolute figures correlate to sales it is important to continue to focus on reducing the carbon emissions for each individual product to reach our long term goal. 63% 2011 Sustainability Report | Life cycle analysis 11 Life cycle analysis Design Production Supply Carbon footprint Use End of Life Carbon footprint Our carbon footprint As we have explained in the previous LCA section, one of the tools we use to measure the impact Sony Ericsson’s products have on the environment is by calculating their carbon footprint. We also use this methodology for our business activities which includes keeping track of and reporting our direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions according to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol). Design Production Supply Our goal Recycling End of Life Carbon footprint The GHG Protocol defines three Scopes of how companies should report their greenhouse gas emissions. Scope 1 is for direct greenhouse gas emissions that come from sources that the company owns or controls. Scope 2 is for indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity which includes purchased electricity, steam, heating and cooling. Scope 3 is optional and is used for reporting other big indirect greenhouse gas emissions. Under Scope 1, Sony Ericsson reports fugitive greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioning equipment and emissions from employee travel in company ehicles. Under Scope 2 we report greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity, steam, heating and cooling for our manufacturing site and offices. We also choose to report Scope 3, under which we report greenhouse gas emissions from business travel and logistics. In 2008, Sony Ericsson set the goal to reduce the Use greenhouse gas emissions from our internal activities by 20% by 2015, using the 2008 l evels as the baseline. The internal activities are defined as Scope 1 and 2 emissions Design and the emissions from business travel. In 2010 we had Production reduced our greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 11%. In 2011, we are at approximately the same level, Substance 10% compared to the baseline, but we are still confident control in meeting our 2015 target. Supply Use End of Life As seen in the tables, emissions from logistics and business travel decreased over 2011, while emissions from manufacturing and Sony Ericsson offices, Scopes Design 1 and 2, remain about the same. The drop in the logistics Production figures is partly due to Sony Ericsson’s transformation to Supply a smartphone only business developing fewer low-end phones. To reach our 2015 target, we need to reduce our CSR Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions as well as our business travel emissions. We are currently half way to meeting our Use target and ready to take on the challenge of further reducing End of Life our emissions. Over the course of 2011 further actions were taken and initiatives were put in place to achieve this Design target. A brief summary of these can be found in the paragraph Production Supply below. We are committed to continue these in 2012 and believe that they will help us reach our target. Our During 2011 we worked with our transport providers to find ways to reduce our carbon emissions for Use logistics, as well End of Life as initiating a site review project to conduct environmental reviews of our office sites. The aim is to identify improvement areas and to make each site more sustainable. Design Production Going into 2012 we will continue this work and strive to lessen the environmental impact from all of our offices and Supply transportation activities. factory Health Renewable energy and green buildings Currently Sony Ericsson uses 100% renewable energy for our sites in Sweden. Lund, Sweden, is Sony Ericsson’s biggest site and the renewable energy used there and Design at our other Swedish site totals approximately 26% of Production all the electricity used by Sony Ericsson. The renewable electricity is certified by the Swedish Society for Nature Community Conservation and is made exclusively from renewable engagement energy sources, such as hydropower and power from biomass. Sony Ericsson strongly believes in sustainability Use and this is reflected when we choose our office buildings and was a key consideration when Sony Ericsson moved into a new building in Atlanta, USA. One of the criteria in the search for the building was that it should have a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification. The building that was chosen not only has a LEED Gold certificate which is the second highest LEED certification, but Sony Ericsson also made sure to certify the tenant fit-out which received a LEED Gold certificate. Use End of Life Supply End of Life 12 2011 Sustainability Report | Carbon footprint Carbon footprint figures kg CO2 Offices and In-house manufacturing Business travel Logistics Total Scope 3 TOTAL (Scope 1, 2 3) Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Scope 3 2008 573,431 36,366,259 26,378,287 189,643,325 216,021,612 252,961,302 2009 1,098,395 33,535,653 19,705,217 120,683,029 140,388,246 175,022,294 2010 564,369 33,009,027 22,569,047 89,388,498 111,957,545 145,530,941 2011 759,230 33,589,827 22,447,594 56,561,422 79,009,016 113,358,074 kg CO2 TOTAL of SE internal activities (Scope 1, 2, 3 excl. logistics) Yearly reduction result (%) of SE internal activities (Scope 1, 2, 3 excl. logistics) Reduction result (%) of SE internal activities against the target baseline 2008 (Scope 1, 2, 3 excl. Logistics) 2008 63,317,977 N/A N/A 2009 54,339,265 -14% -14% 2010 56,142,443 3% -11% 2011 56,796,651 1% -10% Renewable energy For sites Of all purchased electricity 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 38% 42% 44% 53% 47% 23% 25% 29% 31% 26% Total absolute results Scope 1 and 2 (In-house manufacturing + Sony Ericsson offices) kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 -6% -9% 2% -7% Total absolute results Scope 1, 2 3 (manufacturing, Sony Ericsson offices, business travel, logistics) kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 31% -42% -22% -55% Scope 1 and 2 In-house manfacturing kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 Sony Ericsson offices kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 -1% -13% 8% -6% -9% -7% -1% -8% Scope 3 Business travel kg CO2 – absolute 2 008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 Logistics kg CO2 – absolute 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2010 2010 – 2011 2008 – 2011 -36% -53% -37% -70% -25% -14% -1% -15% NOTE: The 2008 (baseline), 2009 and 2010 data has been updated as a result of error corrections and better data collection. This explains the increased figures for the Sony Ericsson offices and the decreased figures for renewable energy, compared to the results presented in earlier reports. 2011 Sustainability Report | Carbon footprint 13 Carbon footprint Design Production Supply Recycling Use End of Life Recycling Too precious to throw away Our phones remain valuable assets even after the end of their useful life, thanks to the materials contained within them. Those materials, when used again, reduce the need for mining and further depleting the Earth’s resources. We have been helping to facilitate this recycling journey since 2008. 0 20 40 Design Production Supply Substance Number of countries covered bycontrol recycling information 2009 – 2011 Use 60 80 100 End of Life Design Supply January 2009 January 2010 January 2011 December 2011 6 8 8 9 29 30 32 Use Production59 Why recycle? When not properly taken care of, waste can have negative impacts on both human health and the environment. However, there is a way to avoid these negative effects as well as to recover valuable materials (especially metals) through controlled recycling. Recycling can significantly reduce the demand for virgin metals and contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the mining and primary production of precious metals – both very CO2 intensive activities. Additionally, by reducing the need for landfills, recycling makes it possible to use the land in a better way so it does not become redundant â€Å"wasteland†. 58 55 CSR End of Life Recycling General information Third party system Sony Ericsson’s own systems Production Supply Design Our We aim to increase direct collection from end users, with a factory Recycling facts figures Although mobile phones hold big potential for material and value recovery at their end-of-life, they are rarely recycled. Sony Ericsson set out to change this with our Global Take-Back programme, which we launched in 2008. The starting point was establishing the Global Environmental Warranty guaranteeing environmentally sound recycling of phones collected by us. In the next stage we established and increased the number of recycling collection schemes. However, we soon recognised that to better support our consumers we also needed to raise awareness of recycling in general and of our Global Take-Back programme. To achieve this we set out to provide readily available and easy-to-understand information on local recycling possibilities: www. sonyericsson. com/recycle. We also provide recycling information with our products, and all of our call centre agents are trained to answer recycling-related questions. We have come a long way since we started this initiative with only six countries. Today we provide information on recycling schemes in 41 countries, nine of which are run by or in co-operation with Sony Ericsson with approximately 500 collection and information points or pre-paid collection initiatives. In the other 32 countries we support and direct our users to industry, municipality and privately owned recycling schemes. focus on countries that currently do not have any recycling Use support initiatives in place. One of our activities, which began in 2011, aims to increase recycling collection through free postal return. Production Since we started the recycling collection initiative, the volumes processed by Sony Ericsson have grown from approximately 800,000 in 2009 to over one million in 2011. Design End of Life Supply Health Number of phones collected Use by Sony Ericsson 2009 – 2011 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 2009 2010 2011 Production Total Design End of Life annually Community engagement Total accumulated Supply Use End of Life It is important to note that these volumes constitute only a fraction of all collected Sony Ericsson phones. The total figure of all recycled Sony Ericsson phones includes the high volume of phones handled within external recycling systems, by industry and charities, partially with Sony Ericsson’s support. Of course in order to successfully drive recycling, actions must start at home. Thanks to company-wide efforts, recycling has become part of our employees’ everyday lives and way of thinking. Internally at Sony Ericsson offices, we provide collection bins and have processes in place to allow our employees to easily recycle both phones and accessories. 14 2011 Sustainability Report | Recycling Made to be recycled Our phones are designed to last and they undergo rigorous quality tests before being released to the market, but at some point all phones must reach the end of their life. All collected devices, whether from our customers or our employees, are processed by our designated recycling partners, who have been carefully chosen on the basis of the security and control of handled material and their environmental credentials. The recycling process, which was co-designed by Sony Ericsson with our recycling partners, delivers not only highly effective material and components recovery but also detailed reporting. mproper disposal of electronic waste in developing countries. We do not refurbish collected products as we believe that end-of-life devices are best used for material and components recovery. We encourage consumers to recycle Sony Ericsson phones wherever possible. Another challenge is how to measure the volumes of phones captured and recycled in systems other than our own. This is caus ed by the fact that most of these schemes collect mobile phones in a mixed stream of small electronics and IT equipment. We are working with the schemes where we participate to address this issue. Challenges Only an estimated 3% of all obsolete phones will be recycled, the rest will end up, at least initially, in storage. Currently recycling has strong competition – there are many companies buying mobile phones for refurbishing and re-sale. Revenue from selling repaired end-of-life phones generates at least ten times their recycling value; this is driving the sales of an estimated several hundred million refurbished phones a year. While we support the principle of reuse, we are concerned with the quality and safety of these products, as well as with issues around What can be reused? †¢ The phone housing is mostly made of high grade plastic or metal alloys, both of these types of materials can be recycled into various products †¢ Some parts and components, such as LCDs or cameras, can be reused in other electronic products †¢ Gold, silver, platinum and copper can be recovered through smelting processes and reused in electronic products or for jewellery 2011 Sustainability Report | Recycling 15 Recycling Design Production Supply Substance control Use End of Life Substance control Safe and secure materials in our products Sony Ericsson has a strong commitment to manufacture products with materials and substances that are safe and secure to our common earth and following generations. Sony Ericsson works to reduce the impact of our products, through the whole life cycle. We recognise the importance of ensuring that chemicals used in our manufacturing processes are controlled, monitored and not released in a way that has a negative impact on the environment. Sony Ericsson strives to continuously identify and develop alternatives to potentially hazardous and critical substances, see figure below. We are committed to continuously improve our environmental impact and this is mirrored in our daily work with sustainable work-flows that are aimed at creating a sustainable innovative leadership. Continuous improvement Sustainable innovative leadership Design Production Supply CSR â€Å"Hazardous Chemicals Substitution and Elimination† at an event in Shenzhen, China organised by Greenpeace East Asia, Chemsec and BSR. Use End of Life Substance control â€Å"Sony Ericsson also reached out to manufacturers from a wide range of industries at a business seminar Design Production in Shenzhen, China, co-organised by Greenpeace East Asia, ChemSec and BSR. At the seminar, Sony Ericsson Supply Our introduced its phase-out programs and material factory declaration systems. It is important that experience gained from one industry on hazardous substance Use End of Life phase-out can be passed on to other industries that are facing similar challenges. It will help inspire and facilitate the establishment of similar programs within Design other sectors†, Tianjie Ma, Head of Toxics Campaign, Production Greenpeace East Asia Supply Step2 Review by 3rd party on the performance Publicly disclose report the goals fulfilment on progress towards goals Step4 Step3 Sony Ericsson’s environmental working procedures have Health been recognised by the United Nations Environment Programme2 (UNEP) as well as a number of authorities and Use non-governmental organisations. In 2011, Sony Ericsson was engaged in the UNEP work within the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management3 (SAICM) and Chemicals in Products (CiP) to reduceDesign Production the use of substances of concern in products. Compliance verification process End of Life Supply Publicly share internal guidelines set goals Step1 Full Disclosure Materials Declarations Chemical Analysis Sony Ericsson has engaged Environmental Heroes, such as our environmental coordinators, throughout the organisation to ensure that we consistently meet the high requirements we have set ourselves. They also make sure that our partners and suppliers fulfil our tough requirements, and drive the process of replacing hazardous and critical substances. One of the key documents we highlight to our partners, suppliers, factories and customers is the Sony Ericsson List of Banned and Restricted Substances. This document, which goes beyond compulsory legal regulations, sets out our environmental targets for replacing banned and restricted substances. The document is continuously updated and new substances added as required. For every phone model we put on the market a specific Environmental Declaration is available for download from our website. These documents detail various aspects of each phone including material content, energy consumption, battery, packaging and recycling information. Sony Ericsson is constantly working with non-governmental organisations, industry bodies and relevant authorities to identify areas where we can lower the environmental impact of our products. An example of this pro-active collaboration was shown when we joined a seminar on the topic 16 Identifying materials and substances in the supply chain Our Environmental Design Review process is intended to ensure that we meet legal and internal requirements to prevent the distribution of hazardous and critical substances in our products. This is further illustrated in the pictures above and below. In 2008 we launched our Compliance Check System, a database which contains information from external sources and suppliers that is linked to Sony Ericsson’s product life management system. Full material declarations are required from suppliers to meet industry standard IPC-1752. It is through this mechanism that all phones and accessories are thoroughly screened. They are also tested by third-party laboratories for chemical content before going to market. 2011 Sustainability Report | Substance control Environmental Design Review Environmental Declaration Establish internal chemical policy guidelines procedures The Sony Ericsson Lists of banned and Restricted Substances Environmental Declaration on every Sony Ericsson phone Community engagement Customer Requirements, Regulation, Strategies, Goals and Targets Use Banned and Restricted Substance List End of Life Design for Environment Substance control procedures SEMC request CuO Al 2 O3 O(CC)C=O 26. 5 % 89-27-6 Fe 3. 89 % 0. 56 % Pass Environmental declaration By clearly articulating our requirements to our first tier suppliers, Sony Ericsson creates a system whereby our suppliers and their suppliers systematically phase out hazardous and critical substances. Phase out of critical substances BFR’s Phase out in boards, casing, cables Lead Phase out PVC Phase out Beryllium Phase out Organic bromine chlorine compounds ROHS Compliant 2005 REACH Candidate Substance Substance control control Sony Ericsson is one step ahead Sony Ericsson products are compliant with applicable laws and regulations including the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS and RoHS 2) and REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals). We believe the electronics industry has a responsibility to proactively find substitutes to replace brominated flame retardants (BFR) and other critical halogens, PVC and critical phthalates. Sony Ericsson started phasing out BFR’s early in 2000 and our new products for 2012 and onwards will be BFR free. All new Sony Ericsson products are phthalate free, with regard to those phthalates targeted and regulated by the EU, but we are striving to go beyond the legal requirements and aim to phase out all phthalates from our products soon. The next step in our phase out programme is to work to remove all organic brominated and chlorine compounds in our products. ALL phthalates Phase out Antimony and tin organics Phase out 96 06 07 08 09 10 11†¦ Sony Ericsson has been successful in phasing out critical substances. Today we are proud to say that we are free from brominated flame retardants (BFR), PVC, beryllium and for part of our portfolio we are also free of antimony, phthalates and organic bromine and chlorine compounds. The phase out procedure can be seen in the figure above. 2 3 http://www. unep. org SAICM was developed by a multi-stakeholder and multi-sectoral Preparatory Committee. It supports the achievement of the goal agreed at the 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development of ensuring that, by the year 2020, chemicals are produced and used in ways that minimize significant adverse impacts on the environment and human health. CiP which is driven by SAICM, aims to ensure , that information is available and transmitted through the production chain for the benefit of multiple stakeholders. 2011 Sustainability Report | Substance control 17 Substance control CuO 125-63-2 87-32-8 Full material declaration Au 1. 2 % 109-94-4 Al 1$ 3 + 4 2 Compliance check (RoHS, Reach) Design Production Supply CSR Use End of Life Supply chain We are continuously evolving our approach towards supply chain corporate social responsibility Sony Ericsson believes in respect for human rights and the ethical treatment of all employees, both internally and in our wider supply chain, because we think that everybody in the value chain has the same rights and responsibilities. Our Supplier Social Responsibility Code (Supplier Code) is in place to ensure that our values and principles are driven through the entire supply chain. From our work with suppliers we have learned that both a thorough understanding by suppliers and long term engagement by Sony Ericsson are required in order to build up continuous positive changes in the supply chain. In 2011, Sony Ericsson continued with our strategy of social responsibility engagement by carrying out a number of detailed assessments across our suppliers’ sites by internal CSR specialists. In total, 77 visits were made to 41 sites around the world including component suppliers and production sites. Of the suppliers we visited in 2011 about 76% received a second visit or more, indicating our efforts and focus in providing sufficient education on our social responsibility requirements and on building a relationship of trust with our suppliers. The number of CSR visits and percentage of re-visits 2009 Number of Visits % of re-visit 36 75% 2010 47 74% 2011 77 76% Design Production Supply Concerns about raw materials Our factory Sony Ericsson shares concerns surrounding raw material Use End of Life and mineral extraction activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and its neighbouring countries. Sony Ericsson is committed to finding effective solutions to Design concerns surrounding raw material extractions and our Production approach to these issues is twofold. Not only do we Supply assess our first tier suppliers for their understanding of Health and conformance with our Supplier Social Responsibility Code, but also we work with the wider industry to support initiatives such as the Conflict Free Smelter program Use End of Life developed by the Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) and Electronics Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC). In 2011, we participated in a number of discussions held Design Production by the GeSI/EICC Supply Chain/Extractives working group and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Supply Community Development (OECD) on the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Mineralsengagement from ConflictAffected and High-Risk Areas to help tackle this issue. Use End of Life Supply chain The more suppliers understand our requirements, the more we start to see positive improvements from suppliers themselves. In 2011 for the first time, the category of ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ became a part of the Supplier Awards given to suppliers for their performance over the year. The supplier, who was awarded in the Corporate Social Responsibility category, was chosen due to its clear support of and dedication to supplier responsibility during 2011. In order to strengthen the internal knowledge of our social responsibility policies and requirements within our supply chain, Sony Ericsson has developed an internal online training course. The aim of this course is to provide our employees with the opportunity to learn about our essential values in this area and raise awareness of the practices they may encounter at our supplier sites. The contents of the training include information on fair working conditions, health and safety, environmental management and anti-corruption. 18 2011 Sustainability Report | Supply chain Design Production Supply Our factory Use End of Life Our factory Beijing SE Potevio Mobile Communications Co. , Ltd. is Sony Ericsson’s main production and distribution centre and only in-house manufacturing facility. Beijing SE Potevio Mobile Communications Co. , Ltd. (BMC) is jointly owned by Sony Ericsson and local partners China Potevio and Nanjing Panda Electronics Group, two of the largest companies in the Chinese electronics telecommunications industry. Design Production Supply Our carbon footprint figures for manufacturing Health for Sony Ericsson as a whole reflect the overall reduction in electricity and steam consumption. However, an increasingly Use End of Life important factor and resource is water and its consumption. The table below shows how BMC has lowered its water consumption between 2008 and 2011. Design Production Factory Water Consumption (ton) Compared to 2008 (%) Compared to 2009 (%) Compared to 2010 (%) 2008 156,713 N/A N/A N/A 2009 129,940 -17% N/A N/A We take environmental, health and safety management very seriously. As such, we have four different management systems with integrated processes and procedures to, among other things, manage documents, control internal audits, ensure compliance with regulations, set corrective actions and put in place continuous improvement activities for environmental, health and safety management. In this way we ensure that environmental and social factors are an integrated part of our daily operations and business practices at the factory. Sony Ericsson requires all manufacturing sites, including the BMC facility, and suppliers to have an Environmental Management System such as ISO 14001 or equivalent and a Health and Safety Management System such as OHSAS 18001 or equivalent in place. BMC has been certified for ISO 14001 since 1999 and for OHSAS 18001 since 2009 by Det Norske Veritas (DNV). All of our activities are audited and certified by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) in accordance with ISO 9001:2008 (Quality Management Systems). Twice a year, BMC internally reviews and evaluates its compliance to all applicable laws and regulations according to its EHS Management Systems, additionally all environmental aspects and health and safety hazards are also identified and assessed to evaluate their impact in normal and potential emergency situations. According to the risk value, significant hazards are identified and activities for reducing and controlling their impact are worked out. BMC also receives a periodical EHS audit twice a year by the external party DNV. 2% N/A -7% -8% CSR activities Our factory is regularly assessed against our Supplier Social Responsibility Code for labour, health and safety aspects. As part of and to complement this assessment, BMC initiated its first self-assessment in 2008 and now updates yearly. The last update was carried out in Q4 2011. Since 2008 BMC has been subscribed to the ElectronicTool for Accountable Supply Chains (E-TASC), to easily share Sony Ericsson’s CSR status in its factory operations with operators. E-TASC requests information on environmental practices, health and safety standards, ethical conduct and human rights. 2011 Sustainability Report | Our factory 9 Our factory Environmental, Health Safety (EHS) Management Systems Community 132,340 121,246 engagement Use -16% 2010 2011 Supply -23% End of Life Design Production Supply Health Use End of Life Health Electromagnetic fields and Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) At Sony Ericsson we acknowledge community concerns around electromagnetic fields and Specific Absorptio n Rates and the potential public health effects. We support and monitor the independent research and investigations conducted by the World Health Organisation (WHO). However, to protect the independence of the studies we are not actively involved in them. Some people are concerned that radio waves (electromagnetic fields, also known as EMF) from mobile phones and base stations may cause health problems. The overwhelming weight of scientific evidence, however, shows no association. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is the unit of measurement employed in the exposure guidelines for mobile phones and other specified radio equipment. Before Sony Ericsson releases a mobile phone model to the market we conduct tests to ensure that the handset complies with the SAR limit established by the relevant authorities. All information on SAR and Sony Ericsson products can be found on our website including reported SAR levels for each of our handsets. Please visit www. sonyericsson. com/health for more information. Design Production Supply Community engagement Use End of Life Health Nickel Following concerns raised around the potential risk of nickel causing irritation for people with sensitive skin, Sony Ericsson has removed nickel from contact surfaces. In 2008, Sony Ericsson prohibited nickel in parts that come into contact with the user during normal use. Our commitment to you All of our products have complete Environmental Declarations. These detail the material content of each Sony Ericsson device and are available for download from our website: www. sonyericsson. com/support 20 2011 Sustainability Report | Health Community engagement Response to the disaster in Japan On March 11 2011, an earthquake measuring 9. 0 on the Richter scale which then also generated a 30m tsunami hit the Tohoku region of Japan. The fatalities reached 15,000 with more than 3,000 missing. With our Japanese heritage it was a great shock for Sony Ericsson employees to experience the earthquake in Tokyo and then hear the news around the world. However, as soon the news spread, our employees galvanised to offer donations, volunteer their time and contribute in any way possible to support the disaster relief effort. Matching gifts to Red Cross Japan Immediately after the disaster, Sony Ericsson Japan participated in Sony’s matching gifts program for the Disaster Relief Fund for Victims of the Great Tohoku Earthquake. In just three weeks Sony Ericsson Japan raised over 5. 6 million JPY. Together with the amount collected from Sony employees in Japan, funds raised were donated to the Central Community Chest of Japan and delivered directly to the disaster victims. Outside of Japan, Sony Ericsson donated 75,000 EUR to the Japanese Red Cross. This lump sum donation was in addition to donations made by our parent companies Sony and Ericsson to a number of local charities. Playing tennis to raise funds for Japan disaster relief At the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami, Florida, USA in March, Sony Ericsson participated in a three-way fund raising initiative for the victims of the Japan earthquake and tsunami disaster, dubbed â€Å"Tennis for Japan†, featuring the stars of the Women’s Tennis Association (WTA) and the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour. Through collecting donations from the audience, sale of special edition T-shirts and a charity gala dinner, more than 300,000 USD was raised for the Japanese Red Cross, including a 50,000 USD contribution from Sony Ericsson. Restart Japan project Throughout the course of 2011, Sony Ericsson Japan continuously encouraged various charity programs internally and externally to support the Tohoku earthquake victims through the Restart Japan Fund. The Fund was established by Save the Children Japan (SCJ) in cooperation with Sony Corporation to support children – the foundations of Japan’s future – who suffered as a result of the disaster. As of November 2011, Sony Ericsson Japan had raised over 6. 2 million JPY in total for the Restart Japan Fund. To raise donations, Sony Ericsson Japan held internal employee events as well as encouraging customers to support activities. Four kinds of special mobile phone straps were designed to inspire the recovery of Japan. The straps, designed by two designers who live in the Miyagi prefecture where the earthquake and tsunami hit, were presented to our customers who purchased accessory products from the Sony Ericsson Store and added a donation with their purchase. All the donations were then fully donated to the Restart Japan Fund. 2011 Sustainability Report | Community engagement 21 Community engagement 10th anniversary celebrations around the world Community engagement In October 2011, Sony Ericsson celebrated its 10th year as a joint venture between Sony Corporation and Ericsson and each regional office was tasked with planning an innovative way to celebrate the 10th anniversary. In the Asia Pacific region employees chose to celebrate Sony Ericsson’s 10th nniversary by giving back to the community. You can read more about what our employees in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore did below: Indonesia The team in Indonesia put together a charity program for a school for under-privileged children in the Depok suburb of Jakarta. This included classroom makeovers, book cases, school supplies, art and craft materials and healthy snacks. The team also spent a day with the children, taking part in various games, entertainment and fun activitie s. Singapore In Singapore, on September 30, 2011 39 Sony Ericsson volunteers spent a fun-filled day with 249 students and 62 staff at the LEE KONG CHIAN GARDENS SCHOOL (LGS), one of MIND’s special education schools. With a history that dates back to 1970, LGS is committed to teach, equip and train intellectually disabled pupils, enabling them to have a productive and purposeful life. The team organised a children’s carnival for the students at LSG with a huge range of activities including a bouncy castle, tug-of-war, various games stalls and soccer games. At the end of the carnival, each child was presented with a goodie bag to remember the day by. Engaging in local schools China – Hope School Project Over the past few years, Sony Ericsson has worked to promote charity in China, with a particular focus on the development of education through the Hope School project. In 2009 and 2010, Sony Ericsson funded the building of two Hope Primary Schools, one in the Sichuan Province and one in the Shanxi Province. In 2011, we continued to support the Hope School project by funding another Hope School in the Hebei Province. Malaysia Employees in Malaysia partnered with KSK, a charitable non-profit organisation set up to feed the needy and homeless in urban Kuala Lumpur. Besides contributing as a sponsor, the team also spent a day as volunteers preparing and packing food in the kitchen and then sending the food out to the slum areas in the city. In addition, employees from Sony Ericsson China visited the Chan Lin Township Primary School in Cang Xi County in the Sichuan Province for a donation ceremony and to present the students with invitation letters to participate in the 31st Beijing Marathon. The marathon was held on October 16, 2011 with 10 students from Sony Ericsson Hope Schools in rural areas of Sichuan, Qinghai, and Shanxi provinces and Sony Ericsson employees also participating. All students and Sony Ericsson employees finished their target routes successfully and afterwards, the students were invited to stay with Sony Ericsson emplo How to cite Sony Ericsson Sustainabiliy Report 2011, Papers